2016 United States House of Representatives elections

The 2016 United States House of Representatives elections were held on November 8, 2016, to elect representatives for all 435 congressional districts across each of the 50 U.S. states to the 115th United States Congress. Non-voting members for the District of Columbia and territories of the United States were also elected. These elections coincided with the election of President Donald Trump, although his party lost seats in both chambers of Congress. The winners of this election served in the 115th Congress, with seats apportioned among the states based on the 2010 United States census. In October 2015, the House elected a new Speaker, Republican Paul Ryan, who was re-elected in the new term. Democrat Nancy Pelosi continued to lead her party as Minority Leader. Elections were also held on the same day for the U.S. Senate, many governors, and other state and local elections.

Democrats gained six seats in this election, although Republicans narrowly won the popular vote and won a 241–194 majority. Republicans suffered net losses in both houses of Congress, despite winning the presidency, a first for either party since 2000. This was also the first election since 2000 in which the winning presidential party lost House seats.

, this is the last time Republicans won a majority of seats in Colorado and Virginia, as well as the last time any party won at least 240 House seats. It is also the most recent election cycle in which Republicans won a House seat in Maine or any state in the New England region, as well as every House seat in Kansas.

Results summary Federal Source: Note: does not include blank and over/under votes which were included in the official results.

+ ↓ 241 194 Republican Democratic

Parties Seats Popular vote 2014 2016 Netchange Strength Vote % Change Republican Party 247 241 6 55.4% 62,772,225 48.3% -2.9pp Democratic Party 188 194 6 44.6% 61,417,454 47.3% +1.8pp Libertarian Party — — — — 1,660,923 1.3% +0.1pp Independent — — — — 870,167 0.7% -0.1pp Green Party — — — — 501,135 0.4% +0.1pp Constitution Party — — — — 76,089 0.1% – Others — — — — 2,412,788 1.9% +1.3pp Write-ins — — — — 122,469 0.1% +1.3pp Totals 435 435 0 100.0% 129,833,250 100.0% — Source: Election Statistics – Office of the Clerk

Per state State Totalseats Democratic Republican Seats Change Seats Change Alabama 7 1 6 Alaska 1 0 1 Arizona 9 4 5 Arkansas 4 0 4 California 53 39 14 Colorado 7 3 4 Connecticut 5 5 0 Delaware 1 1 0 Florida 27 11 1 16 1 Georgia 14 4 10 Hawaii 2 2 0 Idaho 2 0 2 Illinois 18 11 1 7 1 Indiana 9 2 7 Iowa 4 1 3 Kansas 4 0 4 Kentucky 6 1 5 Louisiana 6 1 5 Maine 2 1 1 Maryland 8 7 1 Massachusetts 9 9 0 Michigan 14 5 9 Minnesota 8 5 3 Mississippi 4 1 3 Missouri 8 2 6 Montana 1 0 1 Nebraska 3 0 1 3 1 Nevada 4 3 2 1 2 New Hampshire 2 2 1 0 1 New Jersey 12 7 1 5 1 New Mexico 3 2 1 New York 27 18 9 North Carolina 13 3 10 North Dakota 1 0 1 Ohio 16 4 12 Oklahoma 5 0 5 Oregon 5 4 1 Pennsylvania 18 5 13 Rhode Island 2 2 0 South Carolina 7 1 6 South Dakota 1 0 1 Tennessee 9 2 7 Texas 36 11 25 Utah 4 0 4 Vermont 1 1 0 Virginia 11 4 1 7 1 Washington 10 6 4 West Virginia 3 0 3 Wisconsin 8 3 5 Wyoming 1 0 1 Total 435 194 6 241 6

Maps

Retiring incumbents

Forty-two representatives declined to seek re-election in 2016, divided into eighteen Democrats and twenty-four Republicans.

Democrats Eighteen Democrats retired.

: Ann Kirkpatrick retired to run for the U.S. Senate. : Sam Farr retired. : Lois Capps retired. : Janice Hahn retired to run for the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. : Loretta Sanchez retired to run for the U.S. Senate. : John Carney retired to run for governor of Delaware. : Gwen Graham retired. : Alan Grayson retired to run for the U.S. Senate. : Patrick Murphy retired to run for the U.S. Senate. : Mark Takai died July 20, 2016, having already announced his planned retirement. : Tammy Duckworth retired to run for the U.S. Senate. : Donna Edwards retired to run for the U.S. Senate. : Chris Van Hollen retired to run for the U.S. Senate. : Steve Israel retired. : Charles Rangel retired. : Pedro Pierluisi retired to run for governor of Puerto Rico. : Rubén Hinojosa retired. : Jim McDermott retired.

Republicans Twenty-five Republicans retired. : Matt Salmon retired. : Jeff Miller retired. : Ander Crenshaw retired. : Rich Nugent retired. : Curt Clawson retired. : Lynn Westmoreland retired. : Marlin Stutzman retired to run for the U.S. Senate. : Todd Young retired to run for the U.S. Senate. : Ed Whitfield resigned September 6, 2016, having previously announced his planned retirement. : Charles Boustany retired to run for the U.S. Senate. : John Fleming retired to run for the U.S. Senate. : Dan Benishek retired. : Candice Miller retired. : John Kline retired. : Joe Heck retired to run for the U.S. Senate. : Chris Gibson retired. : Richard Hanna retired. : Mike Fitzpatrick retired. : Joe Pitts retired. : Stephen Fincher retired. : Randy Neugebauer retired. : Scott Rigell retired. : Robert Hurt retired. : Reid Ribble retired. : Cynthia Lummis retired.

Incumbents defeated

In primary elections

Democrats : Corrine Brown lost renomination to Al Lawson; the 5th district was redrawn in 2016 due to a court order. : Chaka Fattah lost renomination to Dwight E. Evans, and subsequently resigned on June 23, 2016.

Republicans : Tim Huelskamp lost renomination to Roger Marshall. : Renee Ellmers lost renomination to fellow incumbent George Holding after court-ordered redistricting forced them into the same district. : Randy Forbes lost renomination to Scott Taylor after running in a new district following court-ordered redistricting.

In the general election The Democrats had a net gain of five seats, taken from Republicans.

Democrats One Democrat lost re-election to a fellow Democrat. : Mike Honda lost to Ro Khanna.

One Democrat lost re-election to a Republican. : Brad Ashford lost to Don Bacon.

Republicans

Six Republicans lost re-election to Democrats. : John Mica lost to Stephanie Murphy. : David Jolly lost to Charlie Crist. : Bob Dold lost to Brad Schneider. : Cresent Hardy lost to Ruben Kihuen. : Frank Guinta lost to Carol Shea-Porter. : Scott Garrett lost to Josh Gottheimer.

Open seats that changed parties Democrats had a net gain of one seat in which the incumbent was not on the ballot.

Democratic seats One open seat was lost. : Patrick Murphy (D) retired to run for Senate. Seat won by Brian Mast (R).

One open seat was lost as a result of redistricting. : Gwen Graham (D) retired. Seat won by Neal Dunn (R).

Republican seats One open seat was lost. : Joe Heck (R) retired to run for Senate. Seat won by Jacky Rosen. (D).

Two open seats were lost as a result of redistricting. : Daniel Webster (R) instead ran in the 11th district. Seat won by Val Demings (D). : J. Randy Forbes (R) instead ran in the 2nd district. Seat won by Don McEachin (D).

Closest races Thirty-five races were decided by 10% or lower.

District Winner Margin data-sort-value=1 0.52% data-sort-value=-1 0.56% data-sort-value=-1 0.76% data-sort-value=0.5 (flip) 1.20% data-sort-value=-0.5 (flip) 1.27% data-sort-value=1 1.33% data-sort-value=-0.5 (flip) 1.34% data-sort-value=0.5 (flip) 1.60% data-sort-value=1 1.80% data-sort-value=-1 2.34% data-sort-value=-0.5 (flip) 2.96% data-sort-value=1 3.40% data-sort-value=-0.5 (flip) 3.81% data-sort-value=-0.5 (flip) 4.01% data-sort-value=-1 4.39% data-sort-value=-0.5 (flip) 4.41% data-sort-value=-1 4.42% data-sort-value=-1 5.03% data-sort-value=-0.5 (flip) 5.21% data-sort-value=1 5.45% data-sort-value=-1 5.73% data-sort-value=1 5.77% data-sort-value=1 6.26% data-sort-value=-1 6.84% data-sort-value=-1 7.29% data-sort-value=-1 7.47% data-sort-value=-1 7.61% data-sort-value=1 7.66% data-sort-value=-1 7.98% data-sort-value=1 8.24% data-sort-value=1 8.30% data-sort-value=1 8.56% data-sort-value=1 8.85% data-sort-value=1 9.60% data-sort-value=1 9.79%

Texas's 7th was the tipping point seat.

Election ratings

Primary dates This table shows the primary dates for regularly scheduled elections. It also shows the type of primary. In an "open" primary, any registered voter can vote in any party's primary. In a "closed" primary, only voters registered with a specific party can vote in that party's primary. In a "top-two" primary, all candidates run against each other regardless of party affiliation, and the top two candidates advance to the second round of voting (in Louisiana, a candidate can win the election by winning a majority of the vote in the first round). All of the various other primary types are classified as "hybrid." Alaska in 2008 provides one example of a hybrid primary: the Democratic Party allowed unaffiliated voters to vote in its primary, while the Republican Party only allowed party members to vote in its primary.

State Date Type Alabama March 1R Open Arkansas March 1R Open Texas March 1R Open Mississippi March 8 Hybrid Illinois March 15 Hybrid North Carolina March 15 Hybrid Ohio March 15 Hybrid Maryland April 26 Hybrid Pennsylvania April 26 Hybrid Indiana May 3 Hybrid Nebraska May 10 Hybrid West Virginia May 10 Hybrid Idaho May 17 Hybrid Kentucky May 17 Closed Oregon May 17 Hybrid Georgia May 24R Open California June 7 Top-two Iowa June 7 Hybrid Montana June 7 Open New Jersey June 7 Closed New Mexico June 7 Closed North Carolina June 7 Hybrid South Dakota June 7R Hybrid Nevada June 14 Closed North Dakota June 14 Open South Carolina June 14R Hybrid Virginia June 14 Hybrid Colorado June 28 Hybrid New York June 28 Closed Oklahoma June 28R Hybrid Utah June 28 Hybrid Kansas Aug 2 Closed Michigan Aug 2 Open Missouri Aug 2 Open Washington Aug 2 Top-two Tennessee Aug 4 Hybrid Connecticut Aug 9 Hybrid Minnesota Aug 9 Open Vermont Aug 9 Open Wisconsin Aug 9 Open Hawaii Aug 13 Open Alaska Aug 16 Hybrid Wyoming Aug 16 Closed Arizona Aug 30 Hybrid Florida Aug 30 Closed Massachusetts Sep 8 Hybrid Delaware Sep 13 Closed New Hampshire Sep 13 Hybrid Rhode Island Sep 13 Hybrid Louisiana Nov 8 Top-two

RIndicates a state that requires primary run-off elections under certain conditions.

Special elections These elections were for the remainder of the term ending January 3, 2017. Sorted by date, then by state, then by district.

| nowrap | | Chaka Fattah | | 1994 | | Incumbent resigned June 23, 2016, after being convicted on 23 counts of federal corruption charges.New member elected November 8, 2016.Winner was also elected to the next term, see below.Democratic hold. | nowrap |

Alabama

| 2013 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | (Republican) 96.4%

| 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

| 2002 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

| 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

| 2014 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

| 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | (Democratic) 98.4%

Alaska

Arizona

| 2014 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

| 2002 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | (Democratic) 98.6%

| 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

| 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

| 2014

2016 United States House of Representatives elections

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