Professor David Danon (; October 17, 1921 – October 17, 2015) was a physician, a scientist, a leader in the study of the biology of aging, and a painter. He was the inventor of a unique treatment for the healing of pressure ulcers and other severe wounds that do not respond to conventional treatments. Before the creation of the state of Israel, he was a commander in Irgun, the Zionist paramilitary group also known as "Etzel". He was the founder and the first commander of the Israeli Air Force's first airborne military medical evacuation unit, the founder and first president of the Israeli Association for Electron Microscopy, director of the Gerontology Center at the Weizmann Institute of Science, and Chief Scientist of the Israeli Ministry of Health.
Childhood and youth David Danon was born in 1921 to Regina and Moshe Danon in Pazardzhik (Bulgarian: Пазарджик, also spelled as Pazardjik or Pazarjik), Bulgaria. David's parents were doctors: his mother was a gynecologist and his father was a family physician. His parents were Zionists and in 1924 they immigrated to Mandatory Palestine with their three children (Nora, David and Ida) and settled in Tel Aviv.
Irgun activity Immediately after graduation from high school, David Danon joined the Irgun (Etzel) and his nom de guerre was "Ehud".Eitan Livni. I.Z.L. Operations and Underground. Edanim Publishers, Yedioth Ahronoth Books, Jerusalem. 1987; pages 33, 37, 43, 70–68, 96, 97, 134, 166, 303–301Menahem Malatzky. The one truth and no other. Yedioth Ahronoth Books, Tel Aviv. 1995; pages 16, 129 He joined the Irgun together with his two classmates and close boyhood friends Amichai Paglin (who was later to become the Chief Operations Officer of the Irgun, Prime Minister Menachem Begin's counter-terrorism advisor, and Prime Minister Begin's Ambassador to the United States) and Eliyahu Bet-Zuri (who later joined the more militant Lehi, and was executed in Egypt for the assassination of Lord Moyne).Joseph Evron. The Jewish insurgency against the British in Palestine. Publishing – Ministry of Defense, Jerusalem. 2001; pages 44–43, 47, 49, 53, 56–55, 75, 294, 354. Over time, as a member of the Irgun, David Danon was appointed a commander in the punch units. With the declaration of rebellion against the British Mandate by Menachem Begin, Danon participated in several of the first attacks against British government targets, and was sent to Beirut to try to obtain weapons. During what was then dubbed The Hunting Season (the Saison), as was proclaimed by the Haganah, he was arrested based on information obtained by an informant, taken to jail in Jaffa, and later sent to detention in Latrun. Seven month later, David's father succeeded in negotiating his release from the British by promising to register David as a medical student at the University of Geneva Medical School (where David's father had professional connections) and by committing to the British that David would not return to Palestine for the duration of the British Mandate. Per agreement with the British, David traveled to Geneva by ship within one or two days of his release from Latrun and began his medical studies. By the end of 1947, however, he postponed his medical studies and returned to Irgun activity, seeking out and collecting weapons in France to be sent to Irgun fighters in Palestine. He did so primarily by obtaining weapons left over from World War II from sympathetic former members of the French Resistance. Having collected the needed arms, he prepared to send them from France to the Irgun on the ill-fated ship, the "Altalena", which departed for the newly created state of Israel, then in the midst of its War of Independence. While David remained in exile in Geneva to continue his studies, several of his Irgun friends and compatriots were either injured or killed when Israeli forces clashed with Irgun fighters from the Altalena and ultimately shelled the ship. Later, David was sent to Tunis to organize self-defense among the Tunisian Jewish community.
Medical school
David Danon arrived at Medical School of University of Geneva on December 31, 1945 late in the first semester pursuant to the agreement between his father and the British Mandate authorities, essentially exiling him from Palestine for the duration of the British Mandate. He arrived without any knowledge of the French language. Despite his late start in his first year of medical school and his having to learn the French language, he excelled. During his second year in medical school he began to do research. His research was published in the scientific literature between the years 1948 and 1950.Danon D. Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1948 May 8; 78 (18): 446.Danon D. Structural variations of the sympathetic ganglia synapses in man. Acta Anat (Basel) 1951; 13 (1–2): 163–70. One of his Important projects was the study of the structure of the human nervous system. The use of conventional microscopes for this work was an obstacle due to the limited resolution capability of the common optical microscope. In order to facilitate the use of the more sophisticated electron microscope it was necessary to cut thinner slices of tissue. Thus, David Danon developed the Microtome (a device for cutting extremely thin slices of tissue) for use on the electron microscope. The University of Geneva recognized David for his development of this innovative device by awarding him the "best dissertation" award.
Airborne military evacuation unit
Following the 1948 declaration of the State of Israel and following the completion of his medical studies, in 1953 David returned to Israel and began his mandatory military service in the Israeli Air Force. In 1954, Dan Tolkowsky (the commander of the Israeli Air Force at that time) ordered David to establish the airborne medical evacuation unit and appointed him first commander of the unit.Aaron Friel. The scientist makes sabbatical as an aviation doctor in Air Force. In later years, David participated in the airborne evacuation of Israeli military casualties during the Suez Crisis (1956), the Six-Day War (1967), the War of Attrition (1967–1970) and the Yom Kippur War (1973). During the War of Attrition, he developed a unique device for checking the cardiac activity of the wounded on the field of battle, permitting medical personnel in the field to determine whether an injured soldier was still alive. Immediately after the Yom Kippur War, David canceled a planned sabbatical year in the United States and enlisted instead in the Israeli Air Force for one year of service, to assist in improving the capacity of the airborne medical evacuation unit. In 1978, he was recognized by the Israeli Air Force for his commitment to the Air Force medical unit and for all the above-mentioned activities.
Scientific activity
While David was still serving in the Air Force, Prof. Aharon Katzir from the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, asked David to rebuild the Institute's electron microscope which had been damaged while researchers tried to activate it. For a few months, David was working as a military doctor during the day and at the Weizmann Institute of Science at night. In 1955, upon his completion of military service, he began working in the Department of Polymers of the Weizmann Institute. In addition to restoring the function of the electron microscope, he developed and prepared the microtomeDanon D. An instrument to trim plastic Specimen blocks for electron microscopy prior to sectioning. J Biophys Biochem Cytol. 1961 Mar; 9: 726–8. and other devices necessary for the operation of the electron microscope. Later he founded the Electron Microscopy Laboratory at the Weizmann Institute. His pearly research in the Institute's Electron Microscopy Laboratory involved the membrane structure of erythrocytes, their adherence and thrombocytes.Rimon A, Rimon S, Danon D. Biochemical and electron Microscopic study of Preserved Erythocytes. Transfusion. 1963 May–Jun; 3: 161–6. In 1957, while working at the Weizmann Institute David Danon founded with Dr. Kalman the Department of Physiology and Anatomy of Animals, at the Faculty of Agriculture in Rehovot where he taught until 1962. His research during this period continued to focus on erythrocytes and thrombocytes, as well as the interaction between these cells and the influenza virus. In 1964 he was appointed head of the Section for Biological Ultrastructure at the Weizmann Institute. In 1967 he was assigned the title of "professor of biology." Prof. Danon was the founder and first President of the Israeli Society for Electron Microscopy and President of the Israeli Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion. At this time he developed and built Fragiligraph, – a device that enables automatic registration of osmotic fragility curve of erythrocytes, later produced by "Elron".