Melanochroa may refer to three different insect genera: Melanochroa Brauer, 1882, a synonym for Nothomyia, a genus of flies Melanochroa Broun, 1882, a synonym for Cyclaxyra, a genus of beetles Melanochroa Roeder, 1886, a synonym for Nothomyia, a genus of flies Melanochroa Yoshiyasu, 1985, a synonym for Yoshiyasua, a genus of moths