Zhilyayev () is a Russian patronymic surname derived from the nickname Zhilyay (). The latter is derived from the dialectal verb , "to sting", "to irritate".Омонимы русской диалектной речи, 2009, p. 209ЖИЛЯТЬ, In: Vladimir Dal, Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language Notable people with the surname include:

Alla Zhilyayeva (born 1969), female long-distance runner from Russia

Yevgeniy Zhilyayev (born 1973), Kazakh water polo player

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