The Neo-Hittite states are sorted according to their geographical position.
All annual details are BC.
The contemporary sources name the language they are written in. Those can be: Luwian (always using Luwian hieroglyphs) Hittite Aramaic Phoenician Assyrian Urartian Babylonian Hebrew (from Old Testament)
Also post-Neo-Hittite rulers and the Hittite viceroys of Carchemish are listed for completeness. Post-Neo-Hittite rulers are named as such.
Euphrates region
Carchemish (Hittite Karkamissa, Luwian Karkamis)
For complete dynastic history also the Viceroys of Carchemish from the Hittite empire period are listed here.
Viceregal dynasty (dynasty of Tudḫaliya I) Name Reign Notes Sources Piyassili/Šarri-Kušuḫ ca. 1321 - 1309 first viceroy of Carchemish, son of Suppiluliuma I Hittite Sahurunuwa since 1309 son of Piyassili/Šarri-Kušuḫ Hittite Ini-Teššub I at the time of Hattusili III and Tudhaliya IV, about 60 years son of Sahurunuwa Hittite Talmi-Teššub at the time of Suppiluliuma II son of Ini-Teššub I Hittite Dynasty of Great Kings (dynasty of Tudhaliya I continued) Name Reign Notes Sources Kuzi-Teššub ca. 1200/ early - mid 12th century/ 1180 - 1150Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archaeology of Performance. Berlin 2011, p. 115. son of Talmi-Teššub; assumed the title of Great King of Carchemish Luwian Mazakarhuha early - mid 12th century reign unclear Luwian Ir-Teššub mid/later 12th century reign unclear, synonym Iri-Teššub Luwian Ini-Teššub II ca. 1100/ later 12th - early 11th century reign unclear Assyrian Tudhaliya possibly 11th or 10th century Reign unclear, possibly succeeded Uratarhunza instead, possibly preceded Ir-Teššub instead Luwian x-paziti possibly later 11th or 10th century/ possibly early 10th century possibly Sipaziti or Sapaziti Luwian Uratarhunza possibly later 11th or 10th century son of x-paziti Luwian Dynasty of Suhi Name Reign Notes Sources Suhi I possibly earlyAlessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archaeology of Performance. Berlin 2011, p. 135. 10th century Luwian Astuwalamanza possibly midAlessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archaeology of Performance. Berlin 2011, p. 135. 10th century son of Suhi I, previously read Astuwatamanza Luwian Suhi II possibly lateAlessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archaeology of Performance. Berlin 2011, p. 135. 10th century son of Astuwatamanza Luwian Katuwa possibly 10th or early 9th century/ ca. 880? son of Suhi II Luwian Sangara ca. 870 - 848 Assyrian Dynasty of Astiruwa Name Reign Notes Sources Astiruwa end 9th - beginning 8th century/ ca.848 - 790Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archaeology of Performance. Berlin 2011, p. 135. synonym Astiru or Astiru I Luwian Yariri early - mid 8th century/ ca. 790Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archaeology of Performance. Berlin 2011, p. 135. "subject of Astiruwa", regent, possibly eunuch Luwian Kamani early - mid 8th century/ ca. 760Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archaeology of Performance. Berlin 2011, p. 135./ca. 738 son of Astiruwa Luwian Sastura mid 8th century reign unclear, vizier of Kamani Luwian son of Sastura 2nd half 8th century possibly identical with Pisiri, possibly also known as Astiru II Luwian Pisiri ca. 738 - 717 Assyrian
Melid (Luwian Malizi)
Dynasty of Kuzi-Teššub (dynasty of Tudḫaliya I) Name Reign Notes Sources Kuzi-Teššub ca. 1200/ early - mid 12th century/ 1180 - 1150Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archaeology of Performance. Berlin 2011, p. 115. king of Carchemish Luwian PUGNUS-mili I later 12th century son of Kuzi-Teššub Luwian Runtiya later 12th century son of PUGNUS-mili I Luwian Arnuwanti I later 12th century brother of Runtiya Luwian PUGNUS-mili II late 12th - early 11th century/ ca. 1112 son of Arnuwanti I, Assyrian possibly Allumari Luwian, Assyrian? Arnuwanti II late 12th - early 11th century son of PUGNUS-mili II Luwian PUGNUS-mili III possibly 11th or early 10th century reign unclear Luwian Dynasty of CRUS + RA/I-sa Name Reign Notes Sources CRUS + RA/I-sa possibly 11th - 10th century name possibly Taras Luwian Wasu(?)runtiya possibly 11th - 10th century son of CRUS + RA/I-sa Luwian Halpasulupi possibly 11th - 10th century son of Wasu(?)runtiya Luwian Later rulers Name Reign Notes Sources Suwarimi possibly 11th or 10th century reign unclear Luwian Mariti possibly 11th or 10th century son of Suwarimi Luwian Sahwi identical with Sahu? Then later Luwian Sa(?)tiruntiya identical with Hilaruada? Then later Luwian Lalli min. 853 - 835 Assyrian opponent of Zakur of Hamath early 8th century identical with Sahu/Sahwi? Aramaic Sahu early 8th century identical with Sahwi? Urartian unknown king early 8th century Urartian tributary, identical with Sahu? Urartian Hilaruada ca. 784/780 - 760/750 Synonym Helaruada, identical with Sa(?)tiruntiya? Urartian Sulumal 743 - 732 Assyrian Gunzinanu ca. 720/719 deposed by Assyrians, synonym Gunzianu Assyrian Tarhunazi ca. 719-712 installed by Assyrians instead of Gunzinanu Assyrian Muwatalli 713 - 708 Assyrian Mutallu, king of Kummuh, installed by Assyrians Assyrian Assyrian rule since 708 Assyrian Mugallu 675 - 651 independent king, post-Neo-Hittite ruler Babylonian, Assyrian x-ussi ca. 640 son of Mugallu, post-Neo-Hittite ruler Assyrian
Kummuh (Luwian Kummaḫa, Classical Commagene)
Name Reign Notes Sources Hattusili I ca. 866 - ca. 857 Assyrian Qatazilu or Qatazili Assyrian Kundašpu ca. 856/853 synonym Kundašpi Assyrian Suppiluliuma 805 - 773 Assyrian Ušpilulume, Assyrian tributary Luwian, Assyrian Hattusili II mid 8th century son of Suppiluliuma Luwian Kuštašpi ca. 750/ ca. 755 - 730 Urartian and Assyrian tributary Urartian, Assyrian Muwatalli 712 - 708 Assyrian Mutallu, installed by Assyrians Assyrian
Masuwari/Til Barsip/Bit-Adini
The two dynasties Name Reign Notes Sources Hapatila late 10th - early 9th century dynasty A Luwian Ariyahina late 10th - early 9th century grandson of Hapatila, dynasty A Luwian father of Hamiyata late 10th - early 9th century usurper, dynasty B Luwian Hamiyata late 10th - early 9th century dynasty B Luwian son of Hamiyata early - mid 9th century dynasty B Luwian son of Ariyahina mid 9th century dynasty A Luwian Bit-Adini regime Name Reign Notes Sources Ahuni 856/ 875 - 855 Assyrian
Antitaurus region, Western Syrian region
Gurgum (Luwian Kurkuma)
Name Reign Notes Sources Astuwaramanza late 11th century Luwian Muwatalli I early 10th century son of Astuwaramanza Luwian Larama I ca. 950 son of Muwatalli I Luwian Muwizi later 10th century son of Larama I Luwian Halparuntiya I earlier 9th century son of Muwizi Luwian Muwatalli II 858 son of Halparuntiya I, Assyrian Mutallu Luwian, Assyrian Halparuntiya II ca. 853/ 855 - 830 son of Muwatalli II, Assyrian Qalparunda Luwian, Assyrian Larama II later 9th century son of Halparuntiya II, Assyrian Palalam Luwian, Assyrian Halparuntiya III 805 - ca. 800/780 son of Larama II, Assyrian Qalparunda Luwian, Assyrian Tarhulara 743 - ca. 711 Assyrian Muwatalli III ca. 711 son of Tarhulara, Assyrian Mutallu Assyrian
Pattin/Unqi/Palistin
Early rulers Name Reign Notes Sources Taita 11th or 10th century possibly Philistine, king of Tell Tayinat; also interpretable as two kings of the same name: Taita I in 11th century and Taita II in 10th century Luwian Manana 10th century Luwian Suppiluliuma I 10th century Luwian Halparuntiya I 10th century reign unclear Luwian "Dynasty of Lubarna" Name Reign Notes Sources Labarna I ca. 875/870 - 858? Assyrian Lubarna Assyrian Suppiluliuma II 858/857 Assyrian Sapalulme Luwian, Assyrian Halparuntiya II 858/857 - 853 Assyrian Qalparunda Luwian, Assyrian Labarna II 831/829 Assyrian Lubarna Assyrian Later rulers Name Reign Notes Sources Surri 831 usurper Assyrian Sasi 831 Assyrian tributary Assyrian Tutammu 738 Assyrian
Hamath (Luwian Imat)
Early rulers Name Reign Notes Sources Toi early 10th century synonym Tou Old Testament (2 Samuel 8:9) Dynasty of Parita Name Reign Notes Sources Parita 1st half 9th century Luwian Urahilina 853 - 845 son of Parita, previously read Urhilina, Assyrian Irhuleni Luwian, Assyrian Uratami ca. 830/840 - 820 son of Urahilina, Assyrian possibly Rudamu Luwian, Assyrian? Later rulers Name Reign Notes Sources Zakur ca. 800 synonym Zakkur Aramaic Eni-Ilu 738 Assyrian Yau-bidi 720 synonym Ilu-bidi Assyrian
Central and South-Eastern Anatolian region
Tabal
Divides into Tabal "Proper" and other localities.
Tabal/Bit-Burutaš (Classical Cappadocia)
Name Reign Notes Sources Tuwati I 837 Assyrian Tuatti Assyrian Kikki 837 son of Tuwati I Assyrian Tuwati II mid 8th century Luwian Wasusarma ca. 740/38 - 730 son of Tuwati II, Assyrian Wassurme Luwian, Assyrian Hulli 730 - 726 Assyrian tributary Assyrian Ambaris ca. 721 - 713 son of Hulli, deposed by Assyrians Assyrian Iškallu ca. 679 synonym Iskallu Assyrian Mugallu 663, 651 post-Neo-Hittite ruler, identical with Mugallu, king of Malatya? Assyrian x-ussi ca. 640 son of Mugallu, post-Neo-Hittite ruler, idental with x-ussi from Malatya? Assyrian
Atuna (Luwian Tunna)
Name Reign Notes Sources Ušḫitti ca. 740 - 732 Assyrian Ashwis(i) 3rd quarter of 8th century reign unclear, identical with Ušḫitti? Luwian Kurti ca. 732/ 718 - 713 son of Ashwis(i), previously read Matti Luwian, Assyrian
Ištunda/Ištuanda
Name Reign Notes Sources Tuhamme 738 - 732 Assyrian
Šinuḫtu
Name Reign Notes Sources Kiyakiya 718 Assyrian Kiakki oder Kiakku Luwian, Assyrian
Tuwana (Classical Tyanitis)
Name Reign Notes Sources Warpalawa I early 8th century reign unclear Luwian Saruwani 1st half 8th century Luwian Muwaharani I ca. 740 Luwian Warpalawa II ca. 740 - 705/ ca. 738 - 710 son of Muwaharani I, Assyrian Urballa, Urballu Luwian, Assyrian Muwaharani II end 8th century son of Warpalawa II Luwian
Ḫupišna (Classical Cybistra)
Name Reign Notes Sources Puhamme 837 Assyrian Urimme ca. 740 synonym Uirimme Assyrian
Kulummu/Til-garimmu
Name Reign Notes Sources Gurdi 705 Gurdī, unusual synonym Qurdī, previously read Ešpai or Hidi Assyrian
Kaška
Name Reign Notes Sources Dadi-Ilu 738 - 732 synonym Dadi-Il or Dad-Ilu, Kaška probably identical with the Kaska of Hittite Sources Assyrian
Cilicia
Que (Luwian Adanawa/Hiyawa, Classical Cilicia of the Plain)
Name Reign Notes Sources Kate 858 - 831 deposed by Assyrians Assyrian Kirri 831 brother of Kate, installed by Assyrians instead of Kate Assyrian Awariku ca. 738 - 709/ ca. 730 synonym Warika, Assyrian Urikki Luwian, Phoenician, Assyrian Azatiwata ca. 705 possibly regent, reign unclear Luwian, Phoenician son of Awariku late 8th - early 7th century reign unclear Luwian, Phoenician
Hilakku (Classical Rough Cilicia)
Name Reign Notes Sources Pihirim mid 9th century Assyrian Ambaris ca. 718 - 713 king of Tabal Assyrian Sandasarme ca.665 post-Neo-Hittite ruler Assyrian
Tanakun
Name Reign Notes Sources Tulli 833 "Prince" of Tanakun Assyrian
Illubru
Name Reign Notes Sources Kirua 696 "Prince" of Illubru, post-Neo-Hittite ruler Assyrian
Kundu and Sizzu
Name Reign Notes Sources Sanduarri 678/676 "Prince" of Kundu and Sizzu, post-Neo-Hittite ruler, possibly identical with Azatiwata Assyrian
Pirindu/Piriddu
Name Reign Notes Sources Appuašu 557 synonym Appuwašu, post-Neo-Hittite ruler Babylonian
Aramaean region
Bit-Agusi/Arpad
Name Reign Notes Sources Gusi ca. 870 Dynasty founder Assyrian Hadram ca. 860 - 830 son of Gusi, Assyrian Adramu or Arame Assyrian Attar-šumki I ca. 830 - 800/ 805 - 796 son of Hadram, synonym Bar-Guš Assyrian, Aramaic Bar-Hadad ca. 800 son of Attar-šumki I, reign unclear Aramaic Attar-šumki II 1st half 8th century son of Bar-Hadad Aramaic Mati-Ilu mid 8th century son of Attar-šumki II Aramaic
Y'adiya/Bit-Gabbari