Kilpeläinen is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Edvard Kilpeläinen (1879–1941), Finnish Lutheran clergyman and politician Viljo Kilpeläinen (1906–1937), Finnish industrial worker and politician Yrjö Kilpeläinen (1907–1955), Finnish journalist, educationist and politician Tuure Kilpeläinen (born 1970), Finnish musician and singer-songwriter Eero Kilpeläinen (born 1985), Finnish ice hockey player