The 1904 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 8, 1904, with Oregon, Maine, and Vermont holding theirs early in either June or September. They coincided with the election to a full term of President Theodore Roosevelt. Elections were held for 386 seats of the United States House of Representatives, representing 45 states, to serve in the 59th United States Congress.
Roosevelt's popularity swept many Republican house candidates into office, cementing their majority over the opposition Democratic Party. Because Roosevelt came from a liberal wing of the Republican Party, his ideology was prevalent among freshman representatives. Progressive Republicanism mobilized a new base of support and proved to be especially popular among the Protestant middle-class workers who held jobs in business or in the front offices of industrial facilities.
Election summaries + ↓ 135 251 Democratic Republican
StateTypeTotalseatsRepublicanDemocraticSeatsChangeSeatsChange Alabama District 9 0 9 Arkansas District 7 0 7 California District 8 8 3 0 3 Colorado District+at-large 3 3 1 0 Connecticut District+at-large 5 5 0 Delaware At-large 1 1 1 0 1 Florida District 3 0 3 Georgia District 11 0 11 Idaho At-large 1 1 0 Illinois District 25 24 7 1 7 Indiana District 13 11 2 2 2 Iowa District 11 11 1 0 Kansas District+at-large 8 8 0 Kentucky District 11 2 1 9 1 Louisiana District 7 0 7 Maine District 4 4 0 Maryland District 6 3 1 3 1 Massachusetts District 14 11 1 3 1 Michigan District 12 12 1 0 1 Minnesota District 9 9 1 0 1 Mississippi District 8 0 8 Missouri District 16 10 9 6 9 Montana At-large 1 1 0 Nebraska District 6 6 1 0 1 Nevada At-large 1 0 1 New Hampshire District 2 2 0 New Jersey District 10 9 2 1 2 New York District 37 26 6 11 6 North Carolina District 10 1 1 9 1 North Dakota District 2 2 0 Ohio District 21 20 3 1 3 Oregon District 2 2 0 Pennsylvania District 32 31 3 1 3 Rhode Island District 2 1 1 South Carolina District 7 0 7 South Dakota At-large 2 2 0 Tennessee District 10 2 8 Texas District 16 0 16 Utah At-large 1 1 0 Vermont District 2 2 0 Virginia District 10 1 9 Washington At-large 3 3 0 West Virginia District 5 5 0 Wisconsin District 11 10 1 Wyoming At-large 1 1 0 Total 386 25165.0% 41 13535.0% 41 The previous election of 1902 saw 3 Independent Republicans elected in the Pittsburgh area of Pennsylvania.
Early election dates In 1904, three states, with 8 seats among them, held elections early:
June 6 Oregon September 6 Vermont September 12 Maine
Special elections
! | George W. Croft | | Democratic | 1902 | | Incumbent died March 10, 1904.New member elected May 17, 1904.Winner was not a candidate for the next term; see below. | nowrap |
! | Victor H. Metcalf | | Republican | 1898 | | Incumbent resigned July 1, 1904 to become U.S. Secretary of Commerce and Labor.New member elected November 8, 1904.Republican hold.Winner was also elected to the next term; see below. | nowrap |
!
Alabama
! | George W. Taylor | | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Ariosto A. Wiley | | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Henry D. Clayton Jr. | | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Sydney J. Bowie | | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | J. Thomas Heflin | | Democratic | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | John H. Bankhead | | Democratic | 1886 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | John L. Burnett | | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | William Richardson | | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Oscar Underwood | | Democratic | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
Arkansas
! | Robert B. Macon | | Democratic | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Stephen Brundidge Jr. | | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Hugh A. Dinsmore | | Democratic | 1892 | | Incumbent lost renomination.Democratic hold. | nowrap |
! | John S. Little | | Democratic | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected | nowrap |
! | Charles C. Reid | | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Joseph T. Robinson | | Democratic | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Robert M. Wallace | | Democratic | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
California
! | James Gillett | | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Theodore A. Bell | | Democratic | 1902 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Republican gain. | nowrap |
! | Victor H. Metcalf | | Republican | 1898 | | Incumbent resigned July 1, 1904 to become U.S. Secretary of Commerce and Labor.Republican hold.Winner was also elected to finish the current term; see above. | nowrap |
! | Edward J. Livernash | | Democratic - Union Labor | 1902 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Republican gain. | nowrap |
! | William J. Wynn | | Democratic | 1902 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Republican gain. | nowrap |
! | James C. Needham | | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | James McLachlan | | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Milton J. Daniels | | Republican | 1902 | | Incumbent retired.Republican hold. | nowrap |
Colorado
! | Robert W. Bonynge | | 1902 (contest) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Herschel M. Hogg | | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Franklin E. Brooks | | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
Connecticut
! | E. Stevens Henry | | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Nehemiah D. Sperry | | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Frank B. Brandegee | | 1902 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Ebenezer J. Hill | | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | colspan=3 | None (new seat) | | New seat.Republican gain. | nowrap |
Delaware
! | Henry A. Houston | | Democratic | 1902 | | Incumbent retired.Republican gain. | nowrap |
Florida
! | Stephen M. Sparkman | | Democratic | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Robert Wyche Davis | | Democratic | 1896 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. | nowrap |
! | William B. Lamar | | Democratic | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
Georgia
! | Rufus E. Lester | | Democratic | 1888 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | James M. Griggs | | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Elijah B. Lewis | | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | William C. Adamson | | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Leonidas F. Livingston | | Democratic | 1890 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Charles L. Bartlett | | Democratic | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | John W. Maddox | | Democratic | 1892 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. | nowrap |
! | William M. Howard | | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Farish Tate | | Democratic | 1892 | | Incumbent lost renomination.Democratic hold. | nowrap |
! | Thomas W. Hardwick | | Democratic | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | William G. Brantley | | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
Idaho
! | Burton L. French | | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
Illinois
! | Martin Emerich | | Democratic | 1902 | | Incumbent retired.Republican gain. | nowrap |
! | James Robert Mann | | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | William Warfield Wilson | | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | George Peter Foster | | Democratic | 1898 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Republican gain. | nowrap |
! | James McAndrews | | Democratic | 1900 | | Incumbent retired.Republican gain. | nowrap |
! | William Lorimer | | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Philip Knopf | | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected | nowrap |
! | William F. Mahoney | | Democratic | 1900 | | Incumbent died.Republican gain. | nowrap |
! | Henry Sherman Boutell | | Republican | 1897 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | George E. Foss | | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Howard M. Snapp | | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Charles Eugene Fuller | | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Robert R. Hitt | | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Benjamin F. Marsh | | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | George W. Prince | | Republican | 1895 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Joseph V. Graff | | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | John A. Sterling | | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Joseph Gurney Cannon | | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Vespasian Warner | | Republican | 1894 | | Incumbent retired to run for Governor of Illinois. Republican hold. | nowrap |
! | Henry T. Rainey | | Democratic | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Ben F. Caldwell | | Democratic | 1898 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Republican gain. | nowrap |
! | William A. Rodenberg | | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Joseph B. Crowley | | Democratic | 1898 | | Incumbent retired.Republican gain. | nowrap |
! | James R. Williams | | Democratic | 1898 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Republican gain. | nowrap |
! | George Washington Smith | | Republican | 1888 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
Indiana
! | James A. Hemenway | | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected but resigned when elected U.S. Senator. | nowrap |
! | Robert W. Miers | | Democratic | 1896 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Republican gain. | nowrap |
! | William T. Zenor | | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Francis M. Griffith | | Democratic | 1897 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. | nowrap |
! | Elias S. Holliday | | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | James E. Watson | | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Jesse Overstreet | | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | George W. Cromer | | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Charles B. Landis | | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Edgar D. Crumpacker | | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Frederick Landis | | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | James M. Robinson | | Democratic | 1896 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Republican gain. | nowrap |
! | Abraham L. Brick | | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
Iowa
! | Thomas Hedge | | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected | nowrap |
! | Martin J. Wade | | Democratic | 1902 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Republican gain. | nowrap |
! | Benjamin P. Birdsall | | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected | nowrap |
! | Gilbert N. Haugen | | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Robert G. Cousins | | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | John F. Lacey | | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | John A. T. Hull | | Republican | 1890 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | William P. Hepburn | | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Walter I. Smith | | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | James P. Conner | | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Lot Thomas | | Republican | 1898 | | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold. | nowrap |
Kansas
! | Charles Curtis | | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Justin De Witt Bowersock | | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | |- ! | Philip P. Campbell | | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | James Monroe Miller | | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | William A. Calderhead