Ariadna is a genus of tube-dwelling spider (family Segestriidae).
Distribution Ariadna are found on all continents except Antarctica. About a third of the species are endemic to Australia. Fifteen described species are endemic to South Africa. Less than ten species are found in Europe and North America, respectively.
Behavior Spiders in this genus are nocturnal.
Prey capture The spiders are seen in the entrance of the tubes during the night with the tip of 6 legs visible on the rim of the tube. Prey movement is transmitted with vibrations to the spider from the radiating trip lines. The surprisingly swift reaction with which the spider strikes could be compared with that of a jack-in-the-box. The prey is seized and pulled instantly back into the tube. The double row of strong spines on the ventral surface of the front legs helps to grab and hold the prey. The third pair of legs directed forwards with legs I and II, help with the quick forward and backward movement of the spider in the tube. The entrance of the Ariadna tube has a small collar of very regular white silk. The trip lines have no adhesive elements and have only a signaling function.
Description
The genus Ariadna comprises tube-web spiders with a body size ranging from 6-15 mm, with males similar in size to females. Body color varies from yellowish brown to reddish black to purplish black abdomens without patterns, or if patterns are present they consist of transverse bars. The carapace is longer than wide with the fovea appearing as a small depression and ranges from hirsute to glabrous.
The species of this genus have six eyes arranged in two rows, all pale in colour and positioned close to the clypeal edge. Chelicerae are free, long and slender with small fangs and a cheliceral furrow with few teeth. Endites are longer than wide and well developed. The labium is much longer than wide with a well-developed serrula arranged in a single row.
The abdomen is longer than wide, cylindrical and hairy with short spinnerets and contiguous anterior spinnerets. Legs are three-clawed with the third pair of legs directed forwards along with legs I and II. Front legs have a double row of spines ventrally. The genitalia are haplogyne.
Taxonomy The genus Ariadna was established by Jean Victor Audouin in 1826, with Ariadna insidiatrix Audouin, 1826 as the type species.
Species
, this genus includes 147 species.
These species have articles on Wikipedia:
Ariadna barbigera Simon, 1905 – New Zealand (Chatham Is.) Ariadna bellatoria Dalmas, 1917 – New Zealand Ariadna bicolor (Hentz, 1842) – United States, Mexico Ariadna bilineata Purcell, 1904 – South Africa Ariadna capensis Purcell, 1904 – South Africa Ariadna corticola Lawrence, 1952 – South Africa Ariadna dentigera Purcell, 1904 – South Africa Ariadna gryllotalpa (Purcell, 1904) – South Africa Ariadna hottentotta Purcell, 1908 – South Africa Ariadna inops Wunderlich, 2011 – Portugal, Spain Ariadna insularis Purcell, 1908 – Namibia, South Africa Ariadna jubata Purcell, 1904 – South Africa Ariadna karrooica Purcell, 1904 – South Africa Ariadna kolbei Purcell, 1904 – South Africa Ariadna lightfooti Purcell, 1904 – South Africa Ariadna oreades Simon, 1906 – Sri Lanka Ariadna scabripes Purcell, 1904 – South Africa Ariadna segestrioides Purcell, 1904 – South Africa Ariadna septemcincta (Urquhart, 1891) – New Zealand Ariadna similis Purcell, 1908 – South Africa Ariadna taprobanica Simon, 1906 – Sri Lanka Ariadna umtalica Purcell, 1904 – Botswana, Zimbabwe, South Africa Ariadna ustulata Simon, 1898 – Seychelles
Ariadna abbreviata Marsh, Stevens & Framenau, 2022 – Australia (Tasmania) Ariadna abrilae Grismado, 2008 – Chile Ariadna algarvensis Wunderlich, 2011 – Portugal Ariadna alta Marsh, Stevens & Framenau, 2022 – Australia (Tasmania) Ariadna amabilia Marsh, Stevens & Framenau, 2022 – Australia (Tasmania) Ariadna amandahorta Wunderlich, 2024 – Portugal Ariadna araucana Grismado, 2008 – Chile Ariadna arenacea Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia (South Australia) Ariadna arthuri Petrunkevitch, 1926 – United States, Caribbean Ariadna aurea Giroti & Brescovit, 2018 – Brazil Ariadna barbigera Simon, 1905 – New Zealand (Chatham Is.) Ariadna bellatoria Dalmas, 1917 – New Zealand Ariadna bellatula Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia (South Australia) Ariadna bicolor (Hentz, 1842) – United States, Mexico Ariadna bilineata Purcell, 1904 – South Africa Ariadna boesenbergi Keyserling, 1877 – Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina Ariadna boliviana Simon, 1907 – Bolivia, Suriname, Brazil, Paraguay Ariadna brevispina Caporiacco, 1947 – Tanzania Ariadna brignolii Wunderlich, 2011 – Italy Ariadna burchelli (Hogg, 1900) – Australia (Victoria) Ariadna caerulea Keyserling, 1877 – Colombia, Ecuador Ariadna calilegua Grismado, 2008 – Argentina Ariadna canariensis Wunderlich, 1995 – Canary Islands Ariadna caparao Giroti & Brescovit, 2018 – Brazil Ariadna capensis Purcell, 1904 – South Africa Ariadna cephalotes Simon, 1907 – Peru, Bolivia, Argentina Ariadna changellkuk Grismado, 2008 – Chile Ariadna chayu Wang & Zhang, 2022 – China Ariadna chhotae Siliwal & Yadav, 2017 – India Ariadna clavata Marsh, Baehr, Glatz & Framenau, 2018 – Australia (South Australia) Ariadna comata O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898 – Mexico Ariadna corticola Lawrence, 1952 – South Africa Ariadna crassipalpus (Blackwall, 1863) – Brazil Ariadna crypticola Marsh, Stevens & Framenau, 2022 – Australia (Tasmania) Ariadna curvata Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia (South Australia) Ariadna cyprusensis Wunderlich, 2011 – Cyprus, Greece (Kos) Ariadna daweiensis Yin, Xu & Bao, 2002 – China Ariadna decatetracantha Main, 1954 – Australia (Western Australia) Ariadna dentigera Purcell, 1904 – South Africa Ariadna deserta Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia (South Australia) Ariadna dissimilis Berland, 1924 – New Caledonia Ariadna diucrura Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia (South Australia) Ariadna dysderina L. Koch, 1873 – Australia (Queensland) Ariadna elaphros Wang, 1993 – China Ariadna europaensis Wunderlich, 2011 – Italy Ariadna exuviaque Wunderlich, 2011 – Spain (Balearic Is.) Ariadna ferrogrisea Marsh, Stevens & Framenau, 2022 – Australia (Tasmania) Ariadna flavescens Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia (South Australia) Ariadna formosa Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia (South Australia) Ariadna fragilis Marsh, Stevens & Framenau, 2022 – Australia (Tasmania) Ariadna gallica Wunderlich, 2012 – France Ariadna gaucha Giroti & Brescovit, 2018 – Brazil Ariadna gonzo Marsh, Stevens & Framenau, 2022 – Australia (Tasmania) Ariadna gryllotalpa (Purcell, 1904) – South Africa Ariadna hottentotta Purcell, 1908 – South Africa Ariadna inflata Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia (South Australia) Ariadna inops Wunderlich, 2011 – Portugal, Spain Ariadna insidiatrix Audouin, 1826 – Mediterranean (type species) Ariadna insula Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia (South Australia) Ariadna insularis Purcell, 1908 – Namibia, South Africa Ariadna insulicola Yaginuma, 1967 – China, Korea, Japan Ariadna ionica O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873 – Greece Ariadna ipojuca Giroti & Brescovit, 2018 – Brazil Ariadna isthmica Beatty, 1970 – Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama, Brazil Ariadna javana Kulczyński, 1911 – Indonesia (Java) Ariadna jiuzhaigou Wang & Zhang, 2022 – China Ariadna jubata Purcell, 1904 – South Africa Ariadna karrooica Purcell, 1904 – South Africa Ariadna kibonotensis Tullgren, 1910 – Tanzania Ariadna kisanganensis Benoit, 1974 – DR Congo Ariadna kiwirrkurra Baehr & Whyte, 2016 – Australia (Western Australia) Ariadna kolbei Purcell, 1904 – South Africa Ariadna laeta Thorell, 1899 – Cameroon, São Tomé and Príncipe Ariadna lalen Giroti & Brescovit, 2018 – Chile Ariadna lateralis Karsch, 1881 – China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan Ariadna lebronneci Berland, 1933 – Marquesas Islands Ariadna lemosi Giroti & Brescovit, 2018 – Brazil Ariadna levii Grismado, 2008 – Chile Ariadna levyi Wunderlich, 2011 – Israel Ariadna lightfooti Purcell, 1904 – South Africa Ariadna maderiana Warburton, 1892 – Madeira, Salvages Ariadna major Hickman, 1929 – Australia (Tasmania) Ariadna maroccana Wunderlich, 2011 – Morocco Ariadna masculina Lawrence, 1928 – Namibia Ariadna maxima (Nicolet, 1849) – Chile, Argentina, Juan Fernandez Islands Ariadna mbalensis Lessert, 1933 – Angola Ariadna meruensis Tullgren, 1910 – Tanzania Ariadna mollis (Holmberg, 1876) – Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina Ariadna molur Siliwal & Yadav, 2017 – India Ariadna montana Rainbow, 1920 – Australia (Lord Howe Is.) Ariadna monticola Thorell, 1897 – Myanmar Ariadna motumotirohiva Giroti, Cotoras, Lazo & Brescovit, 2020 – Chile Ariadna multispinosa Bryant, 1948 – Dominican Rep. Ariadna muscosa Hickman, 1929 – Australia (Tasmania) Ariadna natalis Pocock, 1900 – Australia (Christmas Is.) Ariadna nebulosa Simon, 1906 – India Ariadna neocaledonica Berland, 1924 – New Caledonia Ariadna obscura (Blackwall, 1858) – Peru, Brazil Ariadna octospinata (Lamb, 1911) – Australia (Queensland) Ariadna oreades Simon, 1906 – Sri Lanka Ariadna orientalis Dönitz & Strand, 1906 – Japan Ariadna otwayensis Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia (Victoria) Ariadna papuana Kulczyński, 1911 – Indonesia (New Guinea) Ariadna pectinella Strand, 1913 – DR Congo Ariadna pelios Wang, 1993 – China Ariadna perkinsi Simon, 1900 – Hawaii Ariadna phantasma Marsh, Hudson & Framenau, 2021 – Australia (Western Australia) Ariadna pilifera O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898 – United States, Mexico Ariadna pollex Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia (South Australia) Ariadna propria Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia (South Australia) Ariadna pulchripes Purcell, 1908 – Namibia Ariadna rapinatrix Thorell, 1899 – Cameroon, São Tomé and Príncipe Ariadna reginae Giroti & Brescovit, 2018 – Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Costa Rica Ariadna rutila Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia (South Australia) Ariadna ruwenzorica Strand, 1913 – DR Congo Ariadna sansibarica Strand, 1907 – Tanzania (Zanzibar) Ariadna scabripes Purcell, 1904 – South Africa Ariadna segestrioides Purcell, 1904 – South Africa Ariadna segmentata Simon, 1893 – Australia (Tasmania) Ariadna septemcincta (Urquhart, 1891) – New Zealand Ariadna similis Purcell, 1908 – South Africa Ariadna simplex Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia (South Australia) Ariadna sinuosa Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia (Victoria) Ariadna snellemanni (van Hasselt, 1882) – Indonesia (Sumatra, Krakatau), Philippines Ariadna spinosa Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia (South Australia) Ariadna subnubila Marsh, Stevens & Framenau, 2022 – Australia (Tasmania) Ariadna subplana Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia (South Australia) Ariadna tangara Marsh, Baehr, Glatz & Framenau, 2018 – Australia (South Australia, Victoria, Tasmania) Ariadna taprobanica Simon, 1906 – Sri Lanka Ariadna tarsalis Banks, 1902 – Peru, Ecuador, Galapagos Ariadna thylacinus Marsh, Stevens & Framenau, 2022 – Australia (Tasmania) Ariadna thyrianthina Simon, 1908 – Australia (Western Australia) Ariadna tigrina Marsh, Stevens & Framenau, 2022 – Australia (Tasmania) Ariadna tovarensis Simon, 1893 – Venezuela Ariadna tria Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia (Victoria) Ariadna ubajara Giroti & Brescovit, 2018 – Brazil Ariadna umbra Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia (South Australia) Ariadna umtalica Purcell, 1904 – Botswana, Zimbabwe, South Africa Ariadna una Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia (South Australia) Ariadna uncinata Tang, Li & Yang, 2019 – China