Chloroflexales is an order of bacteria in the class Chloroflexia. The clade is also known as filamentous anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (FAP), as the order contains phototrophs that do not produce oxygen. These bacteria are facultative aerobic. They generally use chemotrophy when oxygen is present and switch to light-derived energy when otherwise. Most species are heterotrophs, but a few are capable of photoautotrophy.
The order can be divided into two suborders. Chloroflexineae ("Green FAP", "green non-sulfur bacteria") is the better-known one. This suborder uses chlorosomes, a specialized antenna complex, to pass light energy to the reaction center. Roseiflexineae ("Red FAP") on the other hand has no such ability. The named colors are not absolute, as growth conditions such as oxygen concentration will make a green FAP appear green, brown, or reddish-orange by inducing changes in pigment composition.
Classification The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).
Phylogeny 16S rRNA based LTP_10_2024 120 marker proteins based GTDB release 10-RS226
Taxonomy Suborder Roseiflexineae Gupta et al. 2013 Family Roseiflexaceae Gupta et al. 2013 ["Kouleotrichaceae" Mehrshad et al. 2018] Genus ?"Candidatus Amarofilum" Petriglieri et al. 2023 Genus ?Heliothrix Pierson et al. 1986 Genus "Kouleothrix" Kohno et al. 2002 Genus "Candidatus Ribeiella" Petriglieri et al. 2023 Genus Roseiflexus Hanada et al. 2002 Suborder Chloroflexineae Gupta et al. 2013 Family Chloroflexaceae Gupta et al. 2013 Genus ?"Candidatus Chloranaerofilum" Thiel et al. 2016 Genus Chloroflexus Pierson & Castenholz 1974 ["Chlorocrinis" Ward et al. 1998] Family Oscillochloridaceae Gupta et al. 2013 Genus ?Chloronema ♪ Dubinina & Gorlenko 1975 Genus "Candidatus Chloroploca" Gorlenko et al. 2014 Genus Oscillochloris Gorlenko & Pivovarova 1989 Genus "Candidatus Viridilinea" Grouzdev et al. 2018
See also List of bacteria genera List of bacterial orders
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