The 1952 United States House of Representatives elections was an election for the United States House of Representatives to elect members to serve in the 83rd United States Congress. They were held for the most part on November 4, 1952, while Maine held theirs on September 8. This was the first election after the congressional reapportionment based on the 1950 census. It also coincided with the election of President Dwight Eisenhower. Eisenhower's Republican Party gained 22 seats from the Democratic Party, gaining a majority of the House.

Despite the Republican victory, the Democrats won the popular vote by almost 250,000 votes (0.4%) due to their overwhelming margins in the Solid South. As a result, this marked one of only two times in the 20th century in which the Republicans won a House majority without winning the popular vote, with the other time being in 1996; it was also one of four times where either party did so in the 20th century, with the other three instances occurring in 1914, 1942, and 1996. However, of these four, this election was the only one, and the only such election in US House history as of 2026, where the party that won the popular vote but not the House majority also suffered a net loss in seats.

Though the Democrats continued their winning streak in the Solid South, this election did see the first Republican elected to the House from North Carolina since 1928, and the first Republicans elected from Virginia since 1930. As of 2026, this is the last election in which both major parties increased their share of the popular vote simultaneously, largely due to the disintegration of the American Labor Party and other third parties.

The dismal approval rating of the outgoing president Harry Truman was one reason why his party lost its House majority. Also, continued uneasiness about the Korean War was an important factor. Joseph Martin (R-Massachusetts) became Speaker of the House, exchanging places with Sam Rayburn (D-Texas), who became the new Minority Leader.

This was the last time Republicans won control of the House of Representatives until 1994, despite the GOP controlling the presidency for the majority of the next four decades. Democrats outperformed in downballot elections, especially in the South, which had started to drift towards Republican presidential candidates. , this is the last time the House changed partisan control during a presidential election, and the last time both houses did so simultaneously.

Overall results + ↓ 221 1 213 Republican I Democratic

Party Totalseats Seatchange Seatpercentage Votepercentage Popularvote Democratic Party 213 22 49.0% 49.8% 28,642,537 Republican Party 221 22 50.8% 49.3% 28,393,794 Progressive Party 0 0.0% 0.3% 145,171 Liberal Party 0 0.0% 0.2% 113,631 Independents 1 0.2% 0.2% 111,780 American Labor Party 0 0.0% 0.2% 95,597 Prohibition Party 0 0.0% 0.1% 38,664 People's Choice Party 0 0.0% <0.1% 8,853 Socialist Party 0 0.0% <0.1% 4,892 Increase Jobless Pay Party 0 0.0% <0.1% 3,432 People's Rights Party 0 0.0% <0.1% 2,434 Socialist Workers Party 0 0.0% <0.1% 1,750 Square Deal Party 0 0.0% <0.1% 548 Independent Citizens Committee 0 0.0% <0.1% 247 Socialist Labor Party 0 0.0% <0.1% 177 Others 0 0.0% <0.1% 7,233 Totals 435 100.0% 100.0% 57,570,740Source: Election Statistics - Office of the Clerk

Special elections

Four special elections were held to finish terms in the 82nd United States Congress, which would end January 3, 1953.

District Incumbent This race Representative Party First elected Results Candidates T. Vincent Quinn Democratic 1948 Incumbent resigned December 30, 1951.New member elected February 19, 1952.Republican gain.Winner lost re-election in November. William T. Byrne Democratic 1944 Incumbent died January 27, 1952.New member elected April 1, 1952.Democratic hold.Winner won re-election in November. John A. Whitaker Democratic 1948 Incumbent died December 15, 1951.New member elected August 2, 1952.Democratic hold.Winner won re-election in November. Tom Pickett Democratic 1944 Incumbent resigned June 30, 1952.New member elected September 23, 1952.Democratic hold.Winner won re-election in November.

Alabama

District Incumbent Party Firstelected Result Candidates Frank W. Boykin Democratic 1935 Incumbent re-elected. George M. Grant Democratic 1938 Incumbent re-elected. George W. Andrews Democratic 1944 Incumbent re-elected. Kenneth A. Roberts Democratic 1950 Incumbent re-elected. Albert Rains Democratic 1944 Incumbent re-elected. Edward deGraffenried Democratic 1948 Incumbent lost renomination.Democratic hold. Carl Elliott Democratic 1948 Incumbent re-elected. Robert E. Jones Jr. Democratic 1947 Incumbent re-elected. Laurie C. Battle Democratic 1946 Incumbent re-elected.

Arizona

District Incumbent Party Firstelected Result Candidates John R. Murdock Democratic 1936 Incumbent lost re-election.Republican gain. Harold Patten Democratic 1948 Incumbent re-elected.

Arkansas

Arkansas lost one seat in reapportionment leaving it with 6; the existing 4th district along the western edge of the state lost some of its territory to the 3rd district in the northwest, and the rest was merged with the 7th district in the south, with minor changes to other districts.

District Incumbent Party Firstelected Result Candidates Ezekiel C. Gathings Democratic 1938 Incumbent re-elected. Wilbur Mills Democratic 1938 Incumbent re-elected. James William Trimble Democratic 1944 Incumbent re-elected. Boyd Anderson Tackett Democratic 1948 Incumbent retired to run for Governor of Arkansas.Democratic loss. Oren Harris Democratic 1940 Incumbent re-elected. Brooks Hays Democratic 1942 Incumbent re-elected. William F. Norrell Democratic 1938 Incumbent re-elected.

California

Seven new seats were added in reapportionment, increasing the delegation from 23 to 30 seats. Two of the new seats were won by Democrats, and five by Republicans. One Republican and one Democratic incumbents lost re-election, and a retiring Democrat was replaced by a Republican. Overall, therefore, Democrats gained one seat and Republicans gained 7.

District Incumbent Party Firstelected Result Candidates Hubert B. Scudder Republican 1948 Incumbent re-elected. Clair Engle Democratic 1943 Incumbent re-elected. None (new district) New seat.Democratic gain. Franck R. Havenner Democratic 1936/1944 Incumbent lost re-election.Republican gain. John F. Shelley Democratic 1949 Incumbent re-elected. None (new district) New seat.Democratic gain. John J. Allen Jr. Republican 1946 Incumbent re-elected. George P. Miller Democratic 1944 Incumbent re-elected. None (new district) New seat.Republican gain. Jack Z. Anderson Republican 1938 Incumbent retired.Republican hold. J. Leroy Johnson Republican 1942 Incumbent re-elected. Allan O. Hunter Republican 1950 Incumbent re-elected. Ernest K. Bramblett Republican 1946 Incumbent re-elected. Thomas H. Werdel Republican 1948 Incumbent lost re-election.Democratic gain. Gordon L. McDonough Republican 1944 Incumbent re-elected. Donald L. Jackson Republican 1946 Incumbent re-elected. Cecil R. King Democratic 1942 Incumbent re-elected. None (new district) New seat.Republican gain. Chet Holifield Democratic 1942 Incumbent re-elected. John Carl Hinshaw Republican 1938 Incumbent re-elected. None (new district) New seat.Republican gain. None (new district) New seat.Republican gain. Clyde Doyle Democratic 1948 Incumbent re-elected. Norris Poulson Republican 1932/1946 Incumbent re-elected. Patrick J. Hillings Republican 1950 Incumbent re-elected. Sam Yorty Democratic 1950 Incumbent re-elected. Harry R. Sheppard Democratic 1936 Incumbent re-elected. None (new district) New seat.Republican gain. John Phillips Republican 1942 Incumbent re-elected. Clinton D. McKinnon Democratic 1948 Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator.Republican gain.

Colorado

District Incumbent Party Firstelected Result Candidates Byron G. Rogers Democratic 1950 Incumbent re-elected. William S. Hill Republican 1940 Incumbent re-elected. John Chenoweth Republican 1950 Incumbent re-elected. Wayne N. Aspinall Democratic 1948 Incumbent re-elected.

Connecticut

District Incumbent Party Firstelected Result Candidates Abraham Ribicoff Democratic 1948 Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator.Democratic hold. Horace Seely-Brown Jr. Republican 1950 Incumbent re-elected. John A. McGuire Democratic 1948 Incumbent lost re-election.Republican gain. Albert P. Morano Republican 1950 Incumbent re-elected. James T. Patterson Republican 1946 Incumbent re-elected. Antoni Sadlak Republican 1946 Incumbent re-elected.

Delaware

District Incumbent Party Firstelected Result Candidates J. Caleb Boggs Republican 1946 Incumbent retired to run for Governor of Delaware.Republican hold.

Florida

Florida was redistricted from 6 districts to 8, splitting the area around Sarasota out from the Tampa-St. Petersburg based 1st district, and splitting Gainesville out from the Jacksonville-based 2nd district.

District Incumbent Party Firstelected Result Candidates Chester B. McMullen Democratic 1950 Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. Charles E. Bennett Democratic 1948 Incumbent re-elected. Bob Sikes Democratic 19401944 1974 Incumbent re-elected. Bill Lantaff Democratic 1950 Incumbent re-elected. Syd Herlong Democratic 1948 Incumbent re-elected. Dwight L. Rogers Democratic 1944 Incumbent re-elected. None (new district) New seat.Democratic gain. None (new district) New seat.Democratic gain.

Georgia

District Incumbent Party Firstelected Result Candidates Prince Preston Democratic 1946 Incumbent re-elected. E. Eugene Cox Democratic 1924 Incumbent re-elected. Tic Forrester Democratic 1950 Incumbent re-elected. Albert Sidney Camp Democratic 1939 Incumbent re-elected. James C. Davis Democratic 1946 Incumbent re-elected. Carl Vinson Democratic 1914 Incumbent re-elected. Henderson Lovelace Lanham Democratic 1946 Incumbent re-elected. William M. Wheeler Democratic 1946 Incumbent re-elected. John Stephens Wood Democratic 1944 Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. Paul Brown Democratic 1933 Incumbent re-elected.

Idaho

District Incumbent Party Firstelected Result Candidates John Travers Wood Republican 1950 Incumbent lost re-election.Democratic gain. Hamer H. Budge Republican 1950 Incumbent re-elected.

Illinois

Illinois lost one seat, redistricting from 26 to 25 districts. No changes were made to the Chicago area districts, but the downstate districts were broadly reorganized, forcing incumbents Peter F. Mack Jr. (Democratic) and Edward H. Jenison (Republican) into the same district.