The Toyota R family was a series of inline-four gasoline automobile engines. Designed for longitudinal placement in such vehicles as the Celica and Hilux and in production from 1953 through 1997, usage faded out as many of Toyota's mainstream models moved to front-wheel drive. Overhead cam (OHC) versions featured a chain-driven camshaft.
History of the R family
R
The R family was produced from 1953 through 1964, and was originally manufactured at the Toyota Honsha plant.
Bore and stroke was .Corona 1500 Parts Catalog, No.53282-67 In common with new engines of the time, it was made from cast iron (both the block and the head), water cooled, used a three bearing crank, 12V electrics and a side-mounted gear-driven camshaft controlling overhead valves via pushrods in a non-cross flow head (exhaust and inlet manifolds being on the same side of the engine). Induction was by a twin throat down-draft carburettor, the compression ratio was 8.0:1 and the total weight was . An LPG version, the R-LPG, was produced for the last two years.
The R engine was the Toyota engine used in the 1958 Toyota Crown, the first model to be exported to the United States. Road & Track was unimpressed with the engine on its introduction, noting that it idled quietly but was "not capable of very high revolutions per minute."
Code Power Torque Years Comments R at 4,400 rpm at 2,600 rpm 1953–1964 R-LPG 1962–1964 LPG
Applications: 1953–1955 Toyota Super 1955–1956 Toyota Master 1955–1958 Toyota Crown
2R The 2R family was produced from 1964 through 1971. It is a square engine, with bore and stroke of .
Again, an LPG version, the 2R-LPG, was produced alongside the gasoline version. Production had been gradually transferred from the original Honsha plant to the new Toyota Kamigo plant in 1968.
Code Power Torque Years Comments 2R at 5,000 rpm at 2,600 rpm 1964–1969 2R-LPG 1964–1969 LPG
Applications: 1964 – January 1970 Toyota Corona RT40/RT46V/RT50/RT56 February 1970 – January 1971 Toyota Corona RT80/90/86V 1968–1971 Toyota Mark II Toyota Bus RH15B 1965–1967 Toyota Stout RK43/RK47 Toyota ToyoAce PK41 Toyota Hilux RN10
3R
The 3R family was produced from 1959 through 1968. The bore is 88 mm and the stroke is 78 mm.
When introduced it had a 7.7:1 compression ratio. In 1960 the 3R was uprated to 8:1 and the 3R-B version was offered from 1960 through 1968 with the old 7.7:1 compression ratio. The 3R-C was introduced to comply with California emissions laws. The 3R-LPG variant was produced for the last five years.
Code Power Torque Years Comments 3R at 4,600 rpm at 2,600 rpm 1959–1960 7.7 CR 3R at 5,000 rpm at 3,400 rpm 1960–1968 8.0 CR 3R-B at 4,600 rpm at 2,600 rpm 1960–1968 7.7 CR 3R-C emissions control – California 3R-LPG 1963–1968 LPG
Applications: 1963–1968 Toyota Dyna 1964–1967 Toyota Stout, originally 1969–? Toyota Hilux 1967–1969 Toyota Corona (US) 1959–1967 Toyota Crown 1960–1967 Toyopet Masterline
4R The 4R family was produced from 1965 through 1968.
Bore and stroke was .
Applications: 1967 Toyota 1600S (Japan)
5R The 5R family was produced from 1968 through 1986. An LPG version, the 5R-LPG, was produced from 1968 through 1983.
It is a 2-valve OHV engine. Cylinder bore and stroke are . Output was at 5200 rpm and at 3000 rpm. Trucks such as the Dyna received a version tuned for torque, with a maximum power of at 4600 rpm and torque of at 3000 rpm.
Applications: Toyota Crown: third through sixth generation (RS50, RS60/66, RS80/RS100, and RS110). Only with LPG for taxi use in the last two generations. 1969-1977 Toyota Coaster RU18/RU19 Toyota Dyna RU10/RU20/RU30 Toyota Stout RK101 Toyota ToyoAce RY20 Aug 1981–? Toyota Corona sixth generation (RT131), only LPG combined with automatic transmission.
6R The 6R was produced from 1969 through 1974. Output is at 5,300 rpm. The 6R-B was produced those same years, while the natural gas powered 6R-LPG was produced from 1970 through 1973.
Applications Sep 1970 – Jul 1973 Toyota Corona RT84/94 Jan 1972 – Aug 1973 Toyota Mark II RX16V –
7R The 7R was produced from 1968 through 1971 with a twin throat down-draft carburettor.Toyota Corona Deluxe, Parts Catalog, No.53212-68 The 7R-B was produced from 1968 through 1969 with dual SU carburetors and higher compression. The 7R-LPG was produced from 1969 through 1970.
The 7R was similar in displacement and technology to the 4R except the wider bore and shorter stroke of the 7R gave different power characteristics.
Code Power Torque Compression Years Comments 7R at 5,500 rpm at 3,800 rpm 8.5 1968–1971 7R-B at 6,200 rpm at 4,200 rpm 9.5 1968–1969 Dual SU carburettors 7R-LPG 1969–1971 LPG
Applications: 1968–1970 Toyota Corona (RT41 sedan, RT53 hardtop, RT54 hardtop) 1970 Toyota Corona (RT82 sedan) 1968–1970 Toyota Corona Mark II (RT6x) 1968–1971 Toyota Corona Mark II Wagon (RT76D)
8R
The 8R The engine was produced from 1968 through 1973. Cylinder bore and stroke was with a five bearing crank. It was also available as the 8R-D, dual SU 8R-B, EFI 8R-E, Californian-spec 8R-C and DOHC 8R-G.
It was a major departure for the R family. With a 2-valve SOHC head, it impressed contemporary reviewers – Road & Track praised its quietness and free-revving nature.
The 8R engine has a closed chamber head vs the open chamber of the 18R-C. The 8R-B has dual side draft SU-type Aisan carburettors with the float bowl under the body and vacuum activated power valves with strangle plates for chokes and liquid cooled intake with a balance tube.
Toyota upped the ante again with the DOHC (but still 2-valve) 8R-G, produced from 1969 through 1972. From 1969 to Feb 1971 it was known as the 10R, but along with a removal of the tensioner gear in the interest of quieter operation, it was renamed the 8R-G to reflect the decision that twin-cam engines were henceforth to be identified by a "-G" suffix. 4,931 twin cam engines were built, all installed in the Toyota Corona Mark II (RT72/75) 1900 GSS. The 10R/8R-G weighed in at and as such was both lighter and more compact than its less powerful predecessor the 9RToyota Twin Cam, p. 6
Code Power Torque Compression Years Comments 8R at 5,500 rpm at 3,800 rpm 9.0 1968–1972 8R-B at 6,000 rpm at 4,000 rpm 10.0 1969–1971 Dual SU carburetors 8R-D 8R-E EFI 8R-C at 5,500 rpm at 3,600 rpm 9.0 Californian emissions controls 8R-G at 6,400 rpm at 5,200 rpm 1969–1972 DOHC, dual side-draft carburettors
Applications: 1970–1971 Toyota Hilux, 1971–1973 Toyota Corona 1900 hardtop Toyota Corona Mark II RT72 Corona Mark II 1900 hardtop Toyota Corona Mark II RT72 Corona Mark II 1900 hardtop GSS (8R-G)
9R
The 9R was produced from 1967 through 1968. Bore and stroke .
It was essentially a 4R with a DOHC head designed by Yamaha. The cam lobes activated the valves directly via a bucket over shim arrangement. This same arrangement was used on the 2M, 8R-G, 10R, 18R-G, 2T-G, 4A-GE and 3T-GTE engines (all designed by Yamaha).
Output was at 6,200 rpm and at 5,000 rpm. It was a 2-valve DOHC design with two Solex carburettors and weighed . A total of 2,229 9R engines were built.
Applications: Toyota Corona (RT55) 1600 GT hardtop
10R The twin cam 10R was produced from 1967 through Feb 1971, when it was renamed the 8R-G. The later 8R-G version did not receive a timing chain tensioner in an effort to make it more silent.
Output was at 6,400 rpm and at 5,200 rpm.
Applications: Toyota Corona Mark II RT75 Corona Mark II GSS
12R The 12R was produced from 1969 through 1988. It was also built in the Philippines as the 12R-M, by Toyota's local affiliate Delta Motors Corporation. Technical Specs (Finnish Owner's Manual from 1973 Corona Mark 1) – Four cylinder, 4-stroke, OHV – Bore × stroke: – Compression ratio: 8.5:1 – Maximum power: at 5400 rpm SAE
The 12R-LPG, was produced from 1969 through 1983. Technical Specs: 1975 redline 4,400 rpm
Applications: 1971–1978 Toyota Corona 1971–1972 Toyota Hilux 1977 Toyota Hiace 1975 Toyota Hiace Commercial Camper 1976 Daihatsu Taft (F20) Delta Mini Cruiser/Explorer
16R The OHC 16R was produced from 1974 through 1980. Power output as mounted in a 1980 Mark II was at 5,600 rpm, while a twin carburetted version produced at 6,000 rpm. The 16R-B was produced for the first two years. There was also a 16R-J version for various commercial vehicle applications.
Applications: October 1975 – February 1977 Toyota Carina RA10/16 Toyota Mark II Van RX37V (16R-J), Toyota Corona RT102/112/117 (sedan/hardtop/wagon) Toyota Corona RT108V (van; 16R-J) Toyota Corona RT137V (van; 16R-J) Toyota HiAce RH12/14/17/41 (16R-J)
18R
The 18R series shared a block; cylinder bore and stroke was .
The 2-valve, SOHC versions were as follows: Code Power Torque Years Comments 18R at 5000 rpm at 3600 rpm 1971–1981 ? non-emissions Hilux 18R-C at 5500 rpm at 3600 rpm 1971–1981 emissions control – worldwide (Californian Standards) 18R-U at 5500 rpm at 3600 rpm 1975–1978 emissions control – Japan 18R-E at 5600 rpm at 4400 rpm 1974–1975 EFI, Japan only
Applications:
18R/18R-C/18R-U/18R-E 1972 Toyota Corona 2000 1972 Toyota Corona 2000 MK. II 1972 Toyota Celica 2000 197X Toyota Cressida 2000/Gen1 Toyota Hilux, 89 PS 18R-C 1972–1974 Toyota Hilux, 1974–1981 Toyota Celica 2000 1980–1981 Toyota Corona Liftback (RT132, Australia)
18R-G
The 2-valve DOHC 18R-G and its variations were produced from 1973 to 1982, replacing the 8R-G and providing a performance engine which took advantage of the entire 2-litre limit of Japan's "small car" class. While most 18R-Gs had a head designed and made by Yamaha, a very few had Toyota heads. Yamaha's tuning-fork logo can be seen on the Yamaha heads. Except for the head and related timing components, most parts were shared or interchangeable with the SOHC 18R. Combustion chambers were hemispheric.
In 1975, air injection was added to the Japan-market 18R-GR for improved emissions. This used Solex carburettors. A fuel injected and catalyzed Japan-market version, the 18R-GEU, was produced from 1978 through 1982. There was also a catalyzed carburetted version, the 18R-GU.
Code Power Torque Years Weight Comments 18R-G at 6400 rpm at 5200 rpm 1972–1981 18R-GR at 6400 rpm at 4800 rpm 1973–1975 low compression for regular fuel 18R-GU at 5800 rpm at 4800 rpm 1975–1978 emissions control – Japan. 18R-GEUToyota Twin Cam, p. 7 at 5800 rpm at 4800 rpm 1978–1982 EFI, emissions control (Japan).
Applications: 1973–1981 Toyota Celica GT 2000 1982–1983 Toyota Celica GT 2000 (RA63) 1974–1983 Toyota Carina GT 2000 1978–1983 Toyota Celica Camry GT 2000 1973–1982 Toyota Corona GT 2000
152E Competition versions of the 18R-G and -GE include those used in rally Celicas of the period, one of which finished second in the 1977 RAC Rally. These had 4-valve heads and were called 152E, they were of bore and stroke and (depending on the source).Toyota Twin Cam, p. 25 The Group 4 rally version of the 152E had two twin-choke carburettors, and developed at 9000 rpm. Higher tuned engines developed as much as at 9,200 rpm. German racing team Schnitzer also developed a turbocharged silhouette racing version of the Celica, to take on the Porsche 935. With a KKK turbocharger, the Group 5 Celica developed but reliability was less than satisfactory.
19R The 2-valve SOHC 19R was produced from 1974 through 1977. Cylinder bore and stroke was . Its dimensions are the same as of the 18R, but it featured TTC-V, Toyota's licensed version of Honda's CVCC stratified charge combustion system. Output is . The 19R was a short-lived experiment by Toyota, and was only offered in Japanese market cars.
Applications: 1974–1977 Carina RA13/RA31 1974–1977 Corona RT103/RT123
20R The 2-valve SOHC 20R was produced from 1975 through 1980. Cylinder bore and stroke was . Aluminum alloy heads were used.