Ulysses S. Grant (born Hiram Ulysses Grant; April 27, 1822 – July 23, 1885) was the 18th president of the United States (1869–1877) following his success as military commander in the American Civil War. Under Grant, the Union Army defeated the Confederate military and secession, the war ending with the surrender of Robert E. Lee's army at Appomattox Court House. As president, Grant led the Radical Republicans in their effort to eliminate vestiges of Confederate nationalism and slavery, protect African American citizenship, and pursued Reconstruction in the former Confederate states. In foreign policy, Grant sought to increase American trade and influence, while remaining at peace with the world. Although his Republican Party split in 1872 as reformers denounced him, Grant was easily reelected. During his second term the country's economy was devastated by the Panic of 1873, while investigations exposed corruption scandals in the administration. Although still below average, his reputation among scholars has significantly improved in recent years because of greater appreciation for his commitment to civil rights, moral courage in his prosecution of the Ku Klux Klan, and enforcement of voting rights.

In May 2012, on the 50th anniversary of the founding of the Ulysses S. Grant Foundation, Mississippi State University was selected as the permanent location for Ulysses S. Grant's Presidential Library.See website Historian John Y. Simon edited Grant's letters into a 32-volume scholarly edition published by Southern Illinois University Press.See Catalog . A search engine is at Ulysses S Grant Digital Collections at Mississippi State U

For a comprehensive scholarly annotated bibliography covering several thousand books, articles, and archival sources see Marie Ellen Kelsey, ed. Ulysses S. Grant: A Bibliography: A Bibliography (2005). online

Biographical and political

scholarly review and response by Calhoun at {eBook}

(e'Book) (e'Book)

Mackowski, Chris, and Scaturro, Frank J., eds. (2023). Grant at 200: Reconsidering the Life and Legacy of Ulysses S. Grant. El Dorado Hills, California: Savas Beatie. .

; Pulitzer Prize

( (Alternative eBook) (reprint edition, 1967, by Johnson Reprint Corp, )

Woodward, William E. (1931). Meet General Grant, Garden Publishing Company, (Original from University of Virginia Press), 524 pp.

Military

, Google eBook

Dorsett, Lyle W. "The Problem of Ulysses S. Grant’s Drinking During the Civil War," Hayes Historical Journal vol. 4, no. 2 (1983): 37–49. online

Kantor, MacKinlay, 2007. Lee and Grant at Appomattox, Sterling Publishing Company,

; received negative reviews

Nevins, Allan. The War for the Union (4 vol 1959–71), comprehensive coverage of all aspects of the war.

Silkenat, David. Raising the White Flag: How Surrender Defined the American Civil War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2019. .

Grant's memoirs, two-volume work

(Many editions in paper and online; ends in 1865)

Two-volume work Personal memoirs of U.S. Grant, Vol I,  C.L. Webster, 1885 Personal memoirs of U.S. Grant, Vol II,  C.L. Webster, 1885

Other formats

Early biographers  (and memoirs of close associates)

Primary sources

Inaugural Addresses 1869 Inaugural Address – Ulysses S. Grant 1873 Inaugural Address – Ulysses S. Grant

State of the Union Addresses 1869 State of the Union Message – Ulysses S. Grant 1870 State of the Union Message – Ulysses S. Grant 1871 State of the Union Message – Ulysses S. Grant 1872 State of the Union Message – Ulysses S. Grant 1873 State of the Union Message – Ulysses S. Grant 1874 State of the Union Message – Ulysses S. Grant 1875 State of the Union Message – Ulysses S. Grant 1876 State of the Union Message – Ulysses S. Grant

Executive orders Executive Orders 1869 - Ulysses S. Grant Executive Orders 1870 - Ulysses S. Grant Executive Orders 1871 - Ulysses S. Grant Executive Orders 1872 - Ulysses S. Grant Executive Orders 1873 - Ulysses S. Grant Executive Orders 1874 - Ulysses S. Grant Executive Orders 1875 - Ulysses S. Grant Executive Orders 1876 - Ulysses S. Grant

Proclamations Proclamations 1869 - Ulysses S. Grant Proclamations 1870 - Ulysses S. Grant Proclamations 1871 - Ulysses S. Grant Proclamations 1872 - Ulysses S. Grant Proclamations 1873 - Ulysses S. Grant Proclamations 1874 - Ulysses S. Grant Proclamations 1875 - Ulysses S. Grant Proclamations 1876 - Ulysses S. Grant Proclamations 1877 - Ulysses S. Grant

Special Messages The American Presidency Project Document Archive Option 1: Search 1. President Ulysses S. Grant 2. Dates: March 4, 1869 to March 3, 1877 3. Document Category: Written Messages - To Congress

Civil Service Commission Ulysses S. Grant Executive Order April 16, 1872

Civil Rights Act of 1875 An act to protect all citizens in their civil and legal rights. Library of Congress Statutes at Large 43rd Congress, 2nd Session, Volume 18, Part 3 pages 335-337

Veto Messages The American Presidency Project Document Archive Option 1: Search 1. President Ulysses S. Grant 2. Dates: March 4, 1869, to March 3, 1877 3. Document Category: Veto Messages - To Congress

Treaty of Washington 1871 Treaty of Washington 1871 from Archive.org

Indian Appropriations Act 1871 An Act making Appropriations for the current and contingent Expenses of the Indian Department, and for fulfilling Treaty Stipulations with Various Indian Tribes, for the Year ending June 30, eighteen hundred and seventy-two, and for other Purposes March 3, 1871

Papers of Ulysses S. Grant

Military accounts ; many editions in paper and online; ends in 1865

Grant's world tour

Historiography

Arnold, Matthew. General Grant by Matthew Arnold with a Rejoinder by Mark Twain. Kent, Ohio, and London: The Kent State University Press, 1995 (on Grant's Memoirs)

Marszalek, John F.; Nolen, David S.; Gallo, Louie P.; Williams, Frank J. (2019). Hold On With a Bullldog Grip: A Short Study of Ulysses S. Grant. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi.

(book review)

List of articles for Ulysses S. Grant

Ulysses S. Grant Early life and career of Ulysses S. Grant Ulysses S. Grant and the American Civil War Commanding generalship of Ulysses S. Grant Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant 1868 United States presidential election 1872 United States presidential election 1876 United States presidential election Black Friday (1869) Scandals of the Ulysses S. Grant administration Reforms of the Ulysses S. Grant administration General Order No. 11 (1862) Post-presidency of Ulysses S. Grant World tour of Ulysses S. Grant Historical reputation of Ulysses S. Grant Cultural depictions of Ulysses S. Grant Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant Grant's Farm Gallery of images of Ulysses S. Grant Grant's Overland Campaign Grant's Tomb Template:Cabinet of President Ulysses S. Grant

See also

Bibliography of the American Civil War Bibliography of the Reconstruction Era Bibliography of Abraham Lincoln Jesse Root Grant (father of Ulysses S. Grant) Jesse Root Grant (politician) (son of Ulysses S. Grant) Reconstruction Era

References

External links