Luis Arellano Dihinx (1906–1969) was a Spanish Carlist and Francoist politician. He is recognized as one of the leaders of the so-called Juanistas, a faction within Carlism pressing recognition of the Alfonsist claimant Don Juan de Borbón as a legitimate Carlist heir to the throne.
Family and youth
The Arellano family counts among the oldest ones in Navarre; it was first noted in the 14th century and is related to the family of medieval Navarrese kings.Aránzazu Lafuente Urién, El Señorío de Los Cameros: introducción histórica e inventario analítico de su archivo, Logroño 1999, , p. 36 Over the centuries it got extremely branched with representatives in many regions of Spain, though mostly in the North.as a number of individuals named Arellano held high positions in the Francoist Spain, especially in Navarre and Vascongadas, some of them at times get confused, e.g. Javier Sánchez Erauskin, El nudo corredizo: Euskal Herria bajo el primer franquismo, Tafalla 1994, , p. 75, claims that Luis Arellano was civil governor of Gipuzkoa during the early Francoism. In fact, it was Jose Maria Arellano Igea One of its branches held large estates in Caparroso, in the Southern part of Navarre known as Ribera Aragón; in the early 19th century José Arellano y Ochoa was its alcalde and one of key figures.Ana María Aicua Iriso, El gobierno municipal en la villa de Caparroso a fines del antiguo régimen (1775-1808): hijosdalgos y labradores, [in:] Carmen Erro Gasca (ed.), Grupos sociales en Navarra. Relaciones y derechos a lo largo de la historia, Madrid 2014, , p. 185 Luis's father, Cornelio Arellano Lapuerta (1867-1935), a native of Caparroso, made his name as engineer and entrepreneur, growing into mid-ranks of the Navarrese bourgeoisie. His engineering works ranged from Irati Train, the railroad line connecting Pamplona and Sangüesa across a difficult, wooded and hilly Irati terrain,Juan Peris Torner, Ferrocarril del Irati – de Pamplona a Sangüesa y ramal a Aoiz, [in:] Ferrocariles de Espana, 05.05.12, available here to hydrotechnical constructions on the Ebro and other rivers.Vicente Pinilla Navarro, Gestión y usos del agua en la cuenca del Ebro en el siglo XX, Zaragoza 2008, , pp. 228-248 He held stakes in Hidráulica de MoncayoHidráulica de Moncayo was a small power-generation company relying on the Queiles river and founded in 1909, Josean Garrués Irurzun, Empresas y empresarios en Navarra: la industria eléctrica, 1888-1986, Pamplona 1997, , p. 311 and was long-time vice-president of Arteta, a water-pipe company.Josean Garrués Irurzun, Mérito y problemas de las eléctricas pioneras: Arteta, [in:] Historia Industrial 31 (2006), p. 98 He is best known, however, as co-founder and co-owner of Múgica, Arellano y Compañía, the Pamplona-based company which produced and traded agricultural machinery.it evolved from Huici, Múgica y Cía company, Josean Garrués Irurzun, Empresas y empresarios en Navarra: la industria eléctrica, 1888-1986, Pamplona 1997, , p. 86 Already in the 1920s it operated 20 subsidiaries, some of them as far as Badajoz, Seville and Cordoba;José Ignacio Martínez Ruiz, Trilladoras y tractores: energía, tecnología e industria en la mecanización de la agricultura española, 1862-1967, Barcelona 2000, , p. 142 later on it grew to the 16-th largest company in Navarre.Irurzun 1997, p. 63. In 1934 the company transformed into sociedad anonima, Martínez Ruiz 2000, p. 142 In the 1930s Cornelio Arellano was among the most influential people in the Navarrese power-generation industryhe was listed as number 3 on the list of shareholders of power generation companies, Irurzun 1997, pp. 209, 211 and a well recognized engineer.1931 became inspector general del Cuerpo of Confederación Sindical Hidrográfica del Ebro and president of the Sección, Pinilla Navarro 2008, p. 153
Cornelio Arellano married a Pamplonesa, Juana Dihinx Vergara (1872-1969);see Juana Dihinx Vergara entry [in:] Geni genealogical service, available here with her father, Pascual Dihinx Azcárate, also an engineer engaged in Hidraúlica de Moncayo and other companies, she was coming from the same bourgeoisie background.Josean Garrués, Mérito y problema de las eléctricas pioneras: Arteta, 1893/98 - 1961, [in:] Historia Industrial 31 (2006), p. 98 The newlyweds followed the professional lot of Cornelio; in the early 20th century they lived in Zaragoza,due to works on Salto de Azánigo on the Gállego river, compare his account of the work completed at Revista de Obras Publicas online service, available here to settle in Madrid in the 1920s.Pablo Larraz Andía, Víctor Sierra-Sesúmaga Ariznabarreta, Requetés: de las trincheras al olvido, Madrid 2011, , p. 141 The couple had 7 children, 5 of them boys.José Miguel de Mayoralgo y Lodo, Movimiento nobiliaro año 1936, p. 9, available here Juana came from the family cultivating the Basque heritage; Cornelio and Juana brought up the children in highly Catholic ambience. It is not known whether Luis frequented the schools in Madrid or elsewhere, though he enrolled at the Jesuit University of Deusto in Bilbao. He graduated in law and economics at unspecified time in the late 1920s.Arellano Dihinx Luis entry [in:] Gran Enciclopedia Navarra online service, available here In February 1936Mayoralgo y Lodo 1936, p. 31 he married María Dolores Aburto Renobales (?-2004), descendant to a wealthy bourgeoisie Biscay family. Her father, Eduardo Aburto Uribe, was engineer involved in number of provincial industrial enterprises, shareholder of many Biscay mining and metalworking companies, and alcalde of Getxo between 1916 and 1920.Eduardo Aburto Uribe entry [in:] carleslopezcerezuela service, available here Luis and María had 4 sons;Luis Arellano Dihinx entry [in:] Geni generalogical service, available here, ABC 04.08.04, available here active in business, they did not engage in politics. Many of Luis' siblings were active in Traditionalism. Two of his younger brothers were executed by Republican militia in the Bilbao Ángeles Custodios prison;Luis Arellano - fully aware of the forthcoming coup - did not inform his family. However, he arranged their transfer from Pamplona to Fuenterrabia, assuming that in case of defeat, they would be safer at the French frontier than in the Navarrese capital. His calculations proved wrong and his mother, sister and two brothers were detained in Fuenterrabia. Females were soon released, but Francisco Javier (born 1910) and José Marí (born 1917) were executed in the first days of 1937, Larraz Andía, Sierra-Sesúmaga 2011, pp. 141-150 an older one was later to become a Jesuit priest and another one a construction engineer.ABC 10.03.82, available here His sister María Teresa worked as a Carlist nurse during the Civil War.Larraz Andía, Sierra-Sesúmaga 2011, pp. 141-150
Republic
Luis is probably first noted as active within the public realm during the first electoral campaign of the Republic in 1931; engaged in Juventud Tradicionalista,Alfonso Ballestero, José Ma de Oriol y Urquijo, Madrid 2014, , p. 40 he kept delivering harangues in favor of Carlist candidates in small locations like Sangüesa in Eastern Navarre.Ana Serrano Moreno, Las elecciones a Cortes Constituyentes de 1931 en Navarra, [in:] Príncipe de Viana 50 (1989), p. 710, referring after Diario de Navarra 26.06.31. It is not entirey clear whether it was indeed Luis Arellano in question, though the fact that he spoke along other Carlists and the event took place in Eastern Navarre, where he remained active also later on, makes it very probable, compare El Siglo Futuro 19.01.33, available here Already the following year he was recorded busy in Carlist propaganda beyond his native region, speaking at various meetings during Gran Setmana Tradicionalista in Catalonia.Robert Vallverdú i Martí, El Carlisme Català Durant La Segona República Espanyola 1931-1936, Barcelona 2008, , p. 101 During that period he must have approached Tomás Domínguez Arévalo, the Carlist national political leader, 24 years his senior but native of Villafranca, just 9 km away from Caparroso. When discussing the 1933 events scholars already refer to Arellano as Arévalo's protégé;Martin Blinkhorn, Carlism and Crisis in Spain 1931-1939, Cambridge 2008, , p. 95, also Alberto García Umbón, Elecciones y partidos politicos en Tudela 1931-1933, [in:] Príncipe de Viana 50 (1989), p. 248; he is also dubbed "lugarteniente" in Luis Arellano Dihinx entry [in:] Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia online, available here indeed conde Rodezno remained Arellano's mentor for the next 20 years.
During the 1933 electoral campaign, Arellano was included as Carlist candidate on the Navarrese Union of the Right coalition;Blinkhorn 2008, p. 332 he was comfortably elected with 72 thousand votes and together with José Luis Zamanillo became one of the youngest Traditionalist deputies ever.see also official Cortes service, available here In great national politics Arellano followed Rodezno and his policy of seeking alliance within a broad monarchist grouping, first in coalition named as TYREJosep Carles Clemente, Seis estudios sobre el carlismo, Madrid 1999, , p. 25 and later having signed manifiesto constitutivo of Bloque Nacional;José Luis de la Granja Sainz, Nacionalismo y II República en el País Vasco: Estatutos de autonomía, partidos y elecciones. Historia de Acción Nacionalista Vasca, 1930-1936, Madrid 2009, , p. 577 he remained active in the latter despite discouragement from the emerging Carlist leader, Manuel Fal Conde.Blinkhorn 2008, p. 191 Another thread of his activity was a penchant for social focus. In the early 1930s Arellano was already engaged in rural arbitration bodies like Jurado Mixto del Trabajo RuralEmilio Majuelo Gil, Ángel Pascual Bonis, Del catolicismo agrario al cooperativismo empresarial. Setenta y cinco años de la Federacíon de Cooperativas navarras, 1910-1985, Madrid 1991, , pp. 187-9 and Catholic-sponsored labor organizations like Federación Católico-Social NavarraAlberto García Umbón, Tudela, desde las elecciones de febrero de 1936 hasta el inicio de la Guerra Civil, [in:] Príncipe de Viana 234 (2005) p. 239 and Sindicatos Obreros Profesionales.Majuelo, Bonis 1991, p. 200 Partially as representative of these organizations he entered Grupo Social Parlamentario.Blinkhorn 2008, pp. 126, 334, Vallverdú 2008, p. 102 Finally, in the Cortes he was very active fighting comisión gestora and demanding re-establishment of Diputación Foral de Navarra.Víctor Manuel Arbeloa Muru, De la Comisión Gestora a la Diputación Foral de Navarra (1931-1935), [in:] Príncipe de Viana 260 (2014), pp. 603, 605, 608, 609, 611, 616