Makrani dialect

Makrani (), also referred to as Southern Balochi (, romanized: ), is a variety of the Balochi language spoken in the historical region of Makran () within Balochistan.

Background In general, after numerous studies, the Balochi language has three main dialects. The main dialect split is between Western, Southern, and Eastern Balochi.

Makrani is the main branch of Southern Balochi.

Subdialects Southern Balochi subdialects include Lashari, Sarbazi, Kechi, Karachi and Coastal dialect. They are spoken in the Makran region, which is why all these dialects are generally called Makrani.

Kechi, is the main subdialect spoken in Kech, including Turbat.

Lashari, is the main subdialect centered on the village of Lashar.

The "Coastal Dialects",, including Qasr-e Qand, Nik Shahr, Rask, Bandar Abbas, Karachi, Chahbahar, Gwadar, and Pasni.

Phonology Vowels

+ Southern Balochi vowels long vowels â:, ā, ē, ī, ō, ū Short vowel â, a, e, i, o, u Compound vowel [ie], [ue]

+ Southern Balochi vowel systemFrontCentralBackHighMidLow + Vowel systems in Southern Balochi dialectsScholars Vowel systems DialectFarrell (1990) ī, i, ē, a, ā, ō, u, ū, ā͂, ē͂, ī͂, ō͂, ū͂ KarachiYousefian (2008) i, e, ē, a, â, o, ō, u Lashari

It is similar to that of Koroshi dialect spoken in Iran. Nasalization, which is common in Southern Balochi dialects, is phonetically less salient in Koroshi.

Consonants The consonants /b/ ، /d/ ، /ḍ/ ، /g/ ، /p/ ، /t/ ، /ṭ/ ، /k/ ، /P/ /h/ ،/tʰ/ ،/ṭʰ/ ، /k/ /h/ ،/s/ ،/z/ ،/ʃ/ ،/ȝ/ ،/h/ ،/ʤ/ ، ʧ ،/ʧʰ/ ،/m/ ،/n/ ،/ŋ/ ،/r/ ،/ṛ/ ،/l/ ،/w/ ،/j/ are articulated as alveolar in Southern Balochi.

Nasalization is phonemic in Eastern Balochi and that caused by the effect of the Indo-Aryan languages, similar to Soleimani dialect that has borrowed a few sounds from them. + Consonants in Southern Balochi dialects Labial Dental/Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Glottal Plosive/Affricate č Fricative(ƒ) Š (x) β ž(ǧ) Nasal Taps r̥ Glides

The consonants /f x ġ/ in the Rakhshani dialect often remain, but in Makrani they become /g/, /k/ or /h/, and /p/, respectively. In addition, /f/ occurs in a few words in Southern Balochi. /x/ (voiceless velar fricative) in some loanwords in Southern Balochi corresponding to /ʁ/ (voiced uvular fricative) in Western Balochi.

Syllables Makrani dialect, the presence of minimal pairs such as [iehd] - [iḳd] or [suek] - [suk] easily shows that each compound vowel can be placed as a single, independent phoneme in the center of a syllable and create new word with semantic distinction.

Southern dialects as in Lashari Balochi the place of stress depends on the weight of the syllable.

Grammar Makrani dialect uses both head-marking and dependent-marking structures. In this dialect, the verb group can take four types of complements: the noun group, the adjective group, the prepositional group, and the complement clause. The Balochi Makrani dialect uses the adverb of quantity and the prepositional group as descriptors of the core adjective in the adjectival group. The prepositional group is described by adverbs.

These adverbs come before the core preposition. Southern Balochi has genitive singular -ē and the object is marked with: ānā (rā), -ânā, or -ānrā.

Pronouns Pronouns Rakhshani (Western) Makrani (Southern)1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person (plural) 2nd person (plural) 3rd person (plural)

Example sentences EnglishSouthern BalochiGoodbyeWhat is this?Where is Ali?This horse is whiteWho called me?I am tiredI have two small brothers and sisters

Makrani v. Karachi EnglishMakraniKarachiI am Mahnaz.Where are they going?What are you doing?Friend, tell me what is happening?

Makrani dialect

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