Timeline of the history of Islam (15th century)

This is a timeline of major events in the Muslim world from 1400 AD to 1499 AD (803 AH – 905 AH).

1400–1409

Golden Horde ca. 1400: Temur Qutlugh dies and is succeeded by Shadi Beg. 1407: Shadi Beg is deposed and Edigu installs Pulad Khan as his successor.

Mamluk Empire 1400: The Burji Mamluks lose Syria to Tamerlane.

Ottoman Empire 1402–1403: Beyazid I is defeated at the Battle of Ankara and taken captive by Tamerlane. An interregnum period begins when the sons of Beyazid I compete for the Ottoman throne.

Timurid Empire 1405: Tamerlane dies and is succeeded by his son, Shah Rukh.

1410–1419

Golden Horde

1410: Pulad Khan is deposed in favor of Timur. 1412: Timur is deposed in favor of Jalal ad-Din khan, the first of Tokhtamysh's sons to take power since his death. 1413: Jalal ad-Din khan is deposed in favor of his brother, Karim Berdi. 1414: Karim Berdi is deposed in favor of Kebek. 1416: Kebek Khan is deposed in favor of Yeremferden, the brother of Karim Berdi and Jalal ad-Din khan. 1419: Yeremferden is assassinated; control of the Horde is split between Dawlat Berdi and Olugh Mokhammad.

Ottoman Empire

1413: Interregnum period ends and Mehmed I becomes Sultan.

Nogai Horde

1419: Edigu is assassinated by Olugh Mokhammad, who assumes his place as Khan, re-uniting it with the Golden Horde.

1420–1429

Golden Horde

1420: Dawlat Berdi captures Sarai and expands his sphere of influence beyond the Crimean Peninsula.Grousset, Rene: The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia, pg. 180. Rutgers University Press, 1970. 1423: Baraq defeats Dawlat Berdi and Olugh Mokhammad and takes control of the Horde. Olugh Mokhammad flees to Lithuania. 1427: With the assistance of Vytautas the Great, Olugh Mokhammad and Dawlat Berdi defeat and kill Baraq.

Kara Koyunlu

1420: Qara Yusuf dies and is succeeded by his son, Qara Iskander.

Morocco

1420: Abu Said Othman is assassinated and succeeded by Abdul Haq, his infant son.

Tunisia

1424: The Hafsids come to power. 1429: The Hafsids attack the island of Malta and take 3000 slaves although they do not conquer the island. Piracy against Christian shipping particularly grows during the rule of Abd al-Aziz II (1394–1434).

Uzbeks

1425: Abul Khayr takes control of the Little jüz.

1430–1440

Ak Koyunlu 1434: Qara Osman dies and is succeeded by Ali Beg. 1438: Ali Beg is overthrown by his brother, Hamza.

Golden Horde

1432: Dawlat Berdi is assassinated and Hacı I Giray conquers the Crimea, founding the Crimean Khanate. 1437: Olugh Mokhammad is defeated by Sayid Ahmad I, who takes control of the Horde.

Kara Koyunlu 1434: Qara Iskandar is deposed in favor of his brother, Jahan Shah.

Khanate of Kazan

1438: Olugh Mokhammad founds the Khanate of Kazan.

Mamluk Empire

1438: Barsbay dies and his son, Jamaluddin Yusuf, is prevented from taking power in a coup orchestrated by Saifuddin Gakmuk.

Tunisia

1434: Abdul Faris dies after forty years of rule and is succeeded by Abu Abdullah Muhammad. 1435: Abu Abdullah Muhammad is deposed in favor of Abu Umar Othman.

Uzbeks 1430: Abul Khayr occupies Khwarezmia.

1440–1449

Ak Koyunlu

1440: Hamza is overthrown by Jahangir, a son of Ali Beg.

Ottoman Empire 1444: The Anti-Ottoman League of Lezhe in Albania is formed by Scanderbeg. Murad II voluntarily abdicates from his throne in favor of his son Mehmed II after the former's defeat at the hands of crusaders at the Battle of Varna. 1446: Murad II reclaims the throne. 1448: The Ottomans are victorious at the Second Battle of Kosovo. Serbia is annexed and Bosnia is made a vassal.

Timurid Empire

1446: Shah Rukh dies and is succeeded by Ulugh Beg. 1449: Ulugh Beg dies and is succeeded by 'Abd al-Latif.

Uzbeks

1449: Abul Khayr captures Farghana.

1450–1459

Ak Koyunlu

1453: Jahangir dies and is succeeded by his son, Uzun Hassan.

Great Horde

1459: Küchük Muhammad dies and is succeeded by his son, Maxmud.

Mamluk Empire

1453: Gakmuk dies and is succeeded by his son, Fakhruddin Othman, who is then overthrown by Saifuddin Inal.

Ottoman Empire

1451: Murad II dies and is succeeded by his son, Mehmed II. 1453: Constantinople is captured. 1456: Wallachia is made a vassal.

Timurid Empire

1450: 'Abd al-Latif is assassinated and succeeded by Abu Sa'id.

1460–1469

Ottoman Empire 1462: Albania is annexed.

Mamluk Empire

1461: Saifuddin Inal died and is succeeded by his son, Shahabuddin Ahmad, who is then overthrown by Saifuddin Khushqadam.

Great Horde

1465: Maxmud founds the Astrakhan Khanate after he is deposed by his brother, Akhmat Khan.

Kara Koyunlu

1467: Jahan Shah is killed in a surprise attack arranged by his rival, Uzun Hasan, leader of Ak Koyunlu. Ak Koyunlu then annexes Kara Koyunlu.

Morocco

1465: Abdul Haq is assassinated, ending the Marinid dynasty. Sharif Muhammad al Jati assumes power.

Mamluk Empire

1465: Khushqadam dies and is succeeded by his son, Saifuddin Yel Bey, who is then deposed by Temur Bugha. 1468: Temur Bugha is deposed by Qaitbay.

Kazakh Khanate

1465: Kazakh nobles Abu Sa'id Janibek Khan and Kerei Khan rebel against Uzbek ruler Abu'l-Khayr Khan and form their own independent state, the Kazakh Khanate. Uzbeks

1468: Abu'l-Khayr Khan dies and is succeeded by his son Haidar Sultan.

Ak Koyunlu

1467: Kara Koyunlu is annexed. 1468: The Timurids are defeated at the Battle of Qarabagh. Ak Koyunlu then becomes the masters of Persia and Khorasan.

Timurid Empire 1469: Abu Sa'id dies; the Timurid state. In Husayn Bayqarah maintains control of Greater Khorasan.

1470–1479

Morocco 1472: Sharif Muhammad al Jati is overthrown by Muhammad al Shaikh, establishing the Wattasid dynasty.

Kazakh Khanate

1473: Kerei Khan, the first ruler of the Kazakh Khanate, dies and Abu Sa'id Janibek Khan succeeds him as the empire's second ruler.

Ottoman Empire

1473: Mehmed II defeats sultan Uzun Hasan of Ak Koyunlu at the Battle of Otluk Beli. 1475: The Khanate of Crimea is conquered and made a vassal state. Venice is defeated and the Ottoman Empire becomes master of the Aegean Sea.

Ak Koyunlu

1478: Uzun Hasan dies and is succeeded by his son, Khalil ibn Uzun Hasan. 1479: Khalil Hasan is overthrown by his uncle, Y‘aqub ibn Uzun Hasan.

1480–1489

Great Horde

1480: Akhmat Khan is assassinated and succeeded by his son, Said Ahmad II. 1481: Said Ahmad II is overthrown by his brother Murtada.

Kazakh Khanate

1480: Abu Sa'id Janibek Khan dies and is succeeded by his nephew Burunduk, who is the son of Kerei Khan.

Ottoman Empire

1481: Mehmed II dies and is succeeded by Beyazid II. Cen Sultan rebels.

Uzbeks 1488: Haider Sultan dies and is succeeded by his nephew, Shaybani Khan.

Tunisia 1488: Abu Umar Othman dies and is succeeded by Abu Zikriya Yahya. 1489: Abu Zikriya Yahya is overthrown by Abul Mumin.

1490–1500

Tunisia 1490: Abul Mumin is overthrown and Abu Zikriya Yahya retakes the throne.

Iberia 1492: Granada is captured by Spain, ending 800 years of Muslim rule in Spain.

Ak Koyunlu 1493: Y‘aqub ibn Uzun Hasan dies and is succeeded by his son, Baisonqur ibn Y‘aqub. 1495: Baisonqur is overthrown by his cousin, Rustam ibn Maqsud. 1497: Maqsud is overthrown by his cousin, Ahmad Gövde ibn Muhammad.

Mamluk Empire 1496: Qaitbay abdicates and is succeeded by his son, Nasir Muhammad. 1498: Nasir Muhammad is deposed and replaced by Zahir Kanauh.

Uzbeks 1499: Shaybani Khan conquers Transoxiana.

Great Horde

1499: Murtada dies and is succeeded by Said Ahmad III.

Ottoman Empire

1499: the Ottoman fleet defeats the Venetians in the Battle of Zonchio.

See also Timeline of Muslim history

References Bosworth, Clifford Edmund, The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual, p. 253. Edinburgh University Press, 2004.