The list of Underground Railroad sites includes abolitionist locations of sanctuary, support, and transport for former slaves in 19th century North America before and during the American Civil War. It also includes sites closely associated with people who worked to achieve personal freedom for all Americans in the movement to end slavery in the United States.
The list of validated or authenticated Underground Railroad and Network to Freedom sites is sorted within state or province, by location.
Canada
The Act Against Slavery of 1793 stated that any enslaved person would become free on arrival in Upper Canada. A network of routes led from the United States to Upper and Lower Canada.
Ontario Amherstburg Freedom Museum – Amherstburg. The museum uses historical artifacts, Black heritage exhibits, and video presentations to share the story of how Africans were forced into slavery and then made their way to Canada. Fort Malden – AmherstburgTom Calarco, Places of the Underground Railroad: A Geographical Guide (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2011), 16. One of the routes to Ontario was to cross Lake Erie from Sandusky, Ohio to Fort Malden. Another route to Fort Malden was traveling across the Detroit River into Canada and then across to Amherstburg. A number of fugitive slaves lived in the area and Isaac J. Rice established himself as a missionary, operating a school for black children. Buxton National Historic Site and Elgin settlement – Chatham, Ontario The Elgin settlement was established by a Presbyterian minister, Reverend William King, with 15 former slaves on November 28, 1849. King came from Ohio, where he inherited fourteen enslaved people from his father-in-law, acquired another, and set them all free. King intended the Elgin settlement to a refuge for runaway enslaved people. The Buxton Mission was established at the settlement. Uncle Tom's Cabin Historic Site and Dawn Settlement – Dresden. Rev. Josiah Henson, a former enslaved man who fled slavery via the Underground Railroad with his wife Nancy and their children, was a cofounder of the Dawn Settlement in 1841. Dawn Settlement was designed to be a community for black refugees, where children and adults could receive an education and develop skills so that they could prosper. They exported tobacco, grain, and black walnut lumber to the United States and Britain. John R. Park Homestead Conservation Area – Essex. The Park Homestead was a station on the Underground Railroad. John Freeman Walls Historic Site – Lakeshore. John Freeman Walls, left his enslavers in North Carolina and settled in Canada. The Refugee Home Society supplied the money to buy land and he built a cabin. Church services were held there before the Puce Baptist Church was built. It was also a terminal stop on the Underground Railroad. Walls and his family stayed in Canada after the American Civil War. Queen's Bush – Mapleton. Beginning in 1820, African American pioneers settled in the open lands of Queen's Bush. More than 1,500 blacks set up farms and created a community with churches and Mount Pleasant and Mount Hope schools, which were taught by American missionaries. St. Catharines – Harriet Tubman lived in St. Catharines and attended the Salem Chapel for ten years. After she freed herself from slavery, she helped other enslaved people reach freedom in Canada. The town was a final stop on the Underground Railroad for many people. Sandwich First Baptist Church – Windsor. The church was built just over the border from the United States in Windsor, Ontario by blacks who came to Canada to live free. For its role in the lives of its congregants and as a sanctuary for fugitive slaves, it was designated a National Historic Site in 1999.
Nova Scotia African-American people settled in Nova Scotia since 1749. Birchtown National Historic Site – Birchtown. It was a settlement of black people from Colonial America, who served the British during the American Revolutionary War in exchange for their freedom. Birchtown was the largest community of free black people in British North America during the late 18th century. Africville – Halifax. Black people settled in Africville beginning in 1848. Black residents did not have the same services as white people, like clean water and sewers, and lived on land that was not arable. Some were able to make a living for themselves and build a community with a Baptist church, a school, stores, and a post office. A plan was initiated to relocate families and raze the site of the town.
United States
Colorado Barney L. Ford Building — Denver, associated with escaped slave Barney Ford, who became a quite successful businessman and led political action towards Black voting rights in Colorado. He used the Underground Railroad (UGRR) to flee slavery and supported UGRR activities.
Connecticut
Francis Gillette House — Bloomfield and Austin F. Williams Carriagehouse and House — Farmington. Built in the mid-19th century, the property was designated a National Historic Landmark for the role it played in the celebrated case of the Amistad Africans, and as a "station" on the Underground Railroad. and First Church of Christ, Congregational — Farmington The church was a hub of the Underground Railroad, and became involved in the celebrated case of the African slaves who revolted on the Spanish vessel La Amistad. When the Africans who had participated in the revolt were released in 1841, they came to Farmington. Polly and William Wakeman House — Wilton. The Wakemans were among a group of abolitionists in Wilton who helped runaway slaves. Underneath their house was a tunnel that was accessed by a trap door. They took people on late-night trips to neighboring towns on the Underground Railroad.
Delaware
Camden Friends Meetinghouse — Camden Quaker meeting house (built in 1806) of Camden Monthly Meeting, several of whose members were active in the Underground Railroad, including John Hunn, who is buried in its cemetery. John Dickinson Plantation — Dover New Castle Court House — New Castle Appoquinimink Friends Meetinghouse — Odessa Corbit–Sharp House — Odessa The Tilly Escape site, Gateway to Freedom: Harriet Tubman's Daring Route through Seaford — Seaford Friends Meeting House — Wilmington Thomas Garrett House — Wilmington
District of Columbia Blanche K. Bruce House Camp Greene and Contraband Camp Frederick Douglass National Historic Site Howard University, Moorland-Spingarn Research Center Leonard Grimes Property Site Mary Ann Shadd Cary House Pearl incident at 7th Street Dock
Florida Negro Fort, also known as British Fort and Fort Gadsden — near Sumatra, Franklin County Fort Mosé — St. John's County
Georgia First African Baptist Church — Savannah Dr. Robert Collins House - William and Ellen Craft Escape Site (NRHP site) — Macon
Illinois
Old Rock House — Alton New Philadelphia Town Site — Barry Quinn Chapel AME Church — Brooklyn Lucius Read House — Byron Galesburg Colony UGRR Freedom Station at Knox College — Galesburg Beecher Hall, Illinois College — Jacksonville Graue Mill — Oak Brook Dr. Hiram Rutherford House and Office — Oakland Owen Lovejoy House — Princeton John Hossack House — Ottawa Dr. Richard Eells House — Quincy Maple Lane (Reverend Asa Turner House) – Quincy Mission Institute Number One – Quincy Mission Institute Number Two – Quincy Oakland (Dr. David Nelson House) – Quincy Blanchard Hall, Wheaton College — Wheaton Thede Home - Geneseo Historical Museum — Geneseo
Indiana
Levi Coffin House — Fountain City Bethel AME Church — Indianapolis Eleutherian College Classroom and Chapel Building — Lancaster Lyman and Asenath Hoyt House — Madison Madison Historic District — Madison Town Clock Church (now Second Baptist Church) — New Albany Quinn House, within Old Richmond Historic District — Richmond Phanuel Lutheran Church — Southeastern Fountain County
Iowa First Congregational Church — Burlington Horace Anthony House — Camanche Reverend George B. Hitchcock House — Lewis vicinity Henderson Lewelling House — Salem Todd House — Tabor Jordan House — West Des Moines
Kansas Fort Scott National Historic Site — Bourbon County John Brown Cabin — Osawatomie
Maine Harriet Beecher Stowe House — Brunswick Abyssinian Meeting House — Portland Maple Grove Friends Church — Fort Fairfield Private Home - 55 High St, Brownville, ME
Maryland
President Street Station — Baltimore Harriet Tubman's birthplace — Dorchester County Riley-Bolten House — North Bethesda John Brown's Headquarters — Sample's Manor
Massachusetts African American National Historic Site — Boston William Lloyd Garrison House — Boston Black Heritage Trail, including the Lewis and Harriet Hayden House — BostonSite 6 - Lewis and Harriet Hayden House - 66 Phillips Street . African American Museum, Boston. Retrieved April 30, 2013. William Ingersoll Bowditch House — Brookline Mount Auburn Cemetery — Cambridge The Wayside — Concord George Luther Stearns Estate — Medford Nathan and Mary Johnson House — New Bedford Jackson Homestead — Newton Ross Farm — Northampton Dorsey–Jones House — Northampton Liberty Farm — Worcester
Michigan Guy Beckley — Ann Arbor. Underground Railroad promoter and station master and anti-slavery lecturer. The Guy Beckley House is on the Underground Railroad Network to Freedom. Erastus and Sarah Hussey — Battle Creek Second Baptist Church — Detroit Dr. Nathan M. Thomas House — Schoolcraft Wright Modlin — Williamsville, Cass County. His house was a railroad station, but he often traveled south to the Ohio River (a border between the free and slave states) or into Kentucky where he found people escaping slavery and brought them up to Cass County. He was so successful that it angered Kentuckian slaveholders, who instigated the Kentucky raid on Cass County in 1847. He was also a central figure in The South Bend Fugitive Slave case.
Nebraska Mayhew Cabin — Nebraska City
New Jersey
Holden Hilton House — Jersey City Thomas Vreeland Jackson and John Vreeland Jackson house — Jersey City Mott House — Lawnside Borough Red Maple Farm — Monmouth Junction Grimes Homestead — Mountain Lakes Rhoads Chapel — Saddlertown, Haddon TownshipHistory , Saddler's Woods Conservation Association Bethel AME Church — Springtown Mortonson-Van Leer Log Cabin — Swedesboro Mount Zion African Methodist Episcopal Church — Woolwich Township
New York
Edwin Weyburn Goodwin — Albany Stephen and Harriet Myers House — Albany Allegany County network: Baylies Bassett — Alfred and others (including Henry Crandall Home — Almond; William Sortore Farm — Belmont); Marcus Lucas Home — Corning; Thatcher Brothers — Hornell, McBurney House — Canisteo (now in town of Hornellsville); William Knight — ScioOldest house in Steuben County, NY - Underground Railroad Sites on Waymarking.com, http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WMEW9J_Oldest_house_in_Steuben_County_NY , retrieved August 11, 2017. Harriet Tubman House and Thompson AME Zion Church — Auburn North Star Underground Railroad Museum — Ausable Chasm Michigan Street Baptist Church — Buffalo Cadiz, Franklinville area network: Merlin Mead House and others, including John Burlingame, Alfred Rice, Isaac Searle, and the owner of the Stagecoach Inn McClew Farm at Murphy Orchards — Burt
St. James AME Zion Church — Ithaca
John Brown Farm State Historic Site — Lake Placid
Starr Clock Tinshop — Mexico