Cheli is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Alberto Cheli (born 1951), Italian singer-songwriter and composer Éric Chéli (born 1966), French former racing driver Giovanni Cheli (1918–2013), Italian Catholic archbishop and cardinal Maurizio Cheli (born 1959), Italian air force officer and astronaut Ralph Cheli (1919–1944), United States Army Air Forces officer and Medal of Honor recipient