This article covers the period from 1877 to present. Before the beginning of the Open Era in April 1968, only amateurs were allowed to compete in established tennis tournaments, including the four Grand Slam tournaments (also known as the majors). Wimbledon, the oldest of the majors, was founded in 1877, followed by the US Open in 1881, the French Open in 1891 and the Australian Open in 1905. Beginning in 1905 and continuing to the present day, all four majors have been played yearly, with the exception of during the two World Wars, 1986 for the Australian Open, and 2020 for Wimbledon. The Australian Open is the first major of the year (January), followed by the French Open (May–June), Wimbledon (June–July) and the US Open (August–September). There was no prize money and players were compensated for travel expenses only. A player who wins all four majors, in singles or as part of a doubles team, in the same calendar year is said to have achieved a "Calendar Year Grand Slam". If the player wins all four consecutively, but not in the same calendar year, it is called a "Non-Calendar Year Grand Slam". Winning all four at some point in a career, even if not consecutively, is referred to as a "Career Grand Slam". Winning the four majors and a gold medal in tennis at the Summer Olympics in the same calendar year has been called a "Golden Slam" since 1988. Winning all four majors plus an Olympic gold at some point in a career, even if not consecutively, is referred to as a "Career Golden Slam". Winning the year-end championship while also having won a Golden Slam is referred to as a "Super Slam". Winning all four majors, an Olympic gold, and the year-end championships at some point in a career, even if not consecutively, is referred to as a "Career Super Slam".Kay, Dimitri (22 November 2010). Winning the four majors in all three disciplines a player is eligible for–singles, doubles and mixed doubles–is considered winning a "boxed set" of Grand Slam titles.
Prior to 1924, the major tennis championships, governed by the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF), were the World Hard Court Championships, World Grass Court Championships (Wimbledon), and World Covered Court Championships.
Many top tennis players turned professional before the Open Era to play legally for prize money. They played in separate professional events and were banned from competing any of the four Grand Slam tournaments. They mostly competed on pro tours involving head-to-head competition, but also in professional tournaments as the biggest events on the pro tour. In addition to the head-to-head tours, there were the annual professional tournaments called "Championship tournaments" (known retrospectively as "professional majors" or "professional Grand Slams" where the world's top professional players usually played. These tournaments held a certain tradition and longevity.
The oldest of these three professional majors, was the U.S. Pro Tennis Championships, played at a variety of different venues and on a variety of different surfaces, between 1925 and 1999, although it was no longer a major after 1967. Between 1954 and 1962, the U.S. Pro was played indoors in Cleveland and was billed as the World Professional Championships. The most prestigious of the three was generally the Wembley Championships. Played between 1934 and 1990, at the Wembley Arena in England, it was unofficially usually considered the world's championship until 1967. The third professional major was the French Pro Championship, played between 1934 and 1968, on the clay courts of Roland Garros, apart from 1963 to 1967, when it was played on the indoor wood courts of Stade Coubertin.
The Open Era of tennis began in 1968, when the Grand Slam tournaments agreed to allow professional players to compete with amateurs. A professional tennis tour was created for the entire year, where everyone could compete. This meant that the division that had existed for many years between these two groups had finally come to an end, which made the tennis world into one unified competition. The first tournament to go "Open" started on 22 April 1968 was the British Hard Court Championships at The West Hants Club in Bournemouth, England. The first Grand Slam tournament to do so was the 1968 French Open, starting on 27 May.
Analysis of records
Today, the ultimate pursuit in tennis is to win the Grand Slam; winning all four Grand Slam tournaments in the same calendar year. In 1982, the International Tennis Federation (ITF) broadened the definition of the Grand Slam as meaning any four straight major victories, including the ones spanning two calendar years that became known as the non-calendar year Grand Slam, though it later reversed its definition.
In the history of men's tennis, only two players have won the calendar Grand Slam, Don Budge (1938) and Rod Laver (1962 and 1969). Budge remains the sole player to have won six majors in a row (1937–1938). In the Open Era, only one player has achieved the non-calendar year Grand Slam, Novak Djokovic (2015–2016). This is followed by a career Grand Slam, a feat achieved by a player winning each of the majors during their career, which eight players have done. Winning just one of these major tournaments in a year is a sought-after achievement but winning all four or more consecutively, if we apply Prochnow's (2018) analysis retrospectively in Budge's case, transforms a player into a legend.
When we reflect on the modern era of the sport, tennis has clear separations during its history, such as the first official majors sanctioned by the world governing body of tennis its separate tours (amateur and professional), the eligibility to compete at Grand Slam majors or the surface aspects of the tournaments. In 1913, the ILTF created its first tennis majors, three world championship tournaments that were abolished by 1923. In the history of those early majors, only one player won all three in the same year, Anthony Wilding, arguably the first world champion. In 1927, the men's game was separated, leading to the creation of what are now referred to as the pro majors. During a period of 40 years, only two players achieved the calendar Pro Grand Slam in the history of the professional tour, Ken Rosewall (1963) and Laver (1967). Prior to 1968, only amateurs could enter the Grand Slam tournaments. This was changed in 1968, after which both professionals and amateurs could compete for the tennis majors.
There are also several other facets to take into consideration in defining great tennis players, such as winning all calendar year majors consecutively on offer at the time (World Champs and Pro Slams) on three different surfaces. Three players achieved this distinction between 1913 and 1967, Wilding, Rosewall and Laver. Only those same three players did so not only by surface, but also different environments (indoors and outdoors). When the professional majors were abolished in 1967, the Grand Slam majors were still only being played on two exclusive surfaces, grass and clay. In 1978, the US Open switched surface to a hardcourt thus re-creating a third unique surface. This is arguably the best date in defining the beginning of the modern era of tennis. In this new modern era, only one player (Djokovic) has won all four majors in a row. Only two players have achieved the new term, a "Surface Slam", winning three consecutive majors on three distinct surfaces, that being Rafael Nadal in 2010 and Novak Djokovic in 2021. To have accomplished any of these feats in a group of tournaments originating over 100 years ago underscores the degree of difficulty involved.
These are some of the important records since the start of the first Grand Slam tournament held at the Wimbledon Championships. All statistics are based on data provided by the ATP Tour website, the ITF and other available sources, even if this isn't a complete list due to the time period involved.
Grand Slam tournaments Career totals
Active players in boldface.
#Titles 24 Novak Djokovic 22 Rafael Nadal 20 Roger Federer 14 Pete Sampras 12 Roy Emerson 11 Rod Laver Björn Borg 10 Bill Tilden 8 Fred Perry Ken Rosewall Jimmy Connors Ivan Lendl Andre Agassi #Finals 38 Novak Djokovic 31 Roger Federer 30 Rafael Nadal 19 Ivan Lendl 18 Pete Sampras 17 Rod Laver 16 Ken Rosewall Björn Borg 15 Bill Tilden Roy Emerson Jimmy Connors Andre Agassi #Semifinals 55 Novak Djokovic 46 Roger Federer 38 Rafael Nadal 31 Jimmy Connors 28 Ivan Lendl 26 Andre Agassi 25 Ken Rosewall 23 Pete Sampras 21 Andy Murray 20 Bill Tilden #Quarterfinals 66 Novak Djokovic 58 Roger Federer 47 Rafael Nadal 41 Jimmy Connors 37 Roy Emerson 36 Andre Agassi 34 / Ivan Lendl 30 Ken Rosewall Andy Murray 29 Pete Sampras #Match wins 409 Novak Djokovic 369 Roger Federer 314 Rafael Nadal 233 Jimmy Connors 224 Andre Agassi 222 / Ivan Lendl 210 Roy Emerson 203 Pete Sampras 200 Andy Murrayminimum 200 wins %W–LMatch record Bill Tilden Björn Borg Rafael Nadal Novak Djokovic Fred Perry Roger Federer Pete Sampras Ken Rosewall Rod Laver Jimmy Connorsminimum 100 wins
#Appearances 84 Novak Djokovic81 Roger Federer Feliciano López 78 Stan Wawrinka 75 Richard Gasquet 71 Fernando Verdasco Gaël Monfils 70 Fabrice Santoro 69 Mikhail Youzhny 68 Philipp Kohlschreiber Rafael Nadal
Grand Slam achievements Grand Slam Grand SlamPlayerFirst–last tournament Don Budge 1938 Australian Championships–U.S. Championships Rod Laver 1962 Australian Championships–U.S. Championships Rod Laver 1969 Australian Open–US Openall four major titles consecutively (in a calendar year) Non-calendar-year Grand Slam Non-calendar-year Grand SlamPlayerFirst–last tournament Novak Djokovic 2015 Wimbledon Championships–2016 French Openall four major titles consecutively (not in a calendar year)
Career Grand Slam CGSPlayerEvent of completion Fred Perry 1935 French Championships Don Budge 1938 French Championships Rod Laver 1962 U.S. Championships Roy Emerson 1964 Wimbledon Championships Roy Emerson 1967 French Championships Rod Laver 1969 US Open Andre Agassi 1999 French Open Roger Federer 2009 French Open Rafael Nadal 2010 US Open Novak Djokovic 2016 French Open Novak Djokovic 2021 French Open Rafael Nadal 2022 Australian Open Novak Djokovic 2023 French Open Carlos Alcaraz 2026 Australian Openeach Grand Slam title at least once
Consecutive totals Grand Slam tournaments consecutive streaks Active streaks in boldface.
#Titles 6 Don Budge 4 Bill Tilden Rod Laver Rod Laver (2) Novak Djokovic 3 Laurence Doherty Jack Crawford Tony Trabert Lew Hoad Roy Emerson Pete Sampras Roger Federer Roger Federer (2) Rafael Nadal Novak Djokovic (2) Novak Djokovic (3) Novak Djokovic (4) #Finals 10 Roger Federer 8 Roger Federer (2) 7 Jack Crawford 6 Don Budge Rod Laver Novak Djokovic 5 Fred Perry Frank Sedgman Fred Stolle Rafael Nadal Novak Djokovic (2) Jannik Sinner #Semifinals 23 Roger Federer 14 Novak Djokovic 10 Rod Laver Ivan Lendl 9 Novak Djokovic (2) 8 Ashley Cooper 7 Jack Crawford Rafael Nadal 6 Fred Perry Don Budge Tom Brown Lew Hoad Ivan Lendl Jannik Sinner #Quarterfinals 36 Roger Federer 28 Novak Djokovic 14 Roy Emerson Ivan Lendl 12 Neale Fraser 11 Rafael Nadal 10 Vic Seixas Rod Laver Pete Sampras David Ferrer Rafael Nadal (2)
#Consecutive appearances 79 Feliciano López 67 Fernando Verdasco 66 Andreas Seppi 65 Roger Federer 58 Grigor Dimitrov 56 Wayne Ferreira 54 Stefan Edberg 52 Tomáš Berdych 51 Novak Djokovic 50 David Ferrer Guillermo García López Stan Wawrinka
Grand Slam tournaments non-consecutive streaks Player skipped one or more Grand Slam tournaments during his streak.
#Titles 8 Bill Tilden 6 William Renshaw 5 Laurence Doherty William Larned Anthony Wilding 4 Richard Sears Reginald Doherty #Finals 10 Bill Tilden 8 Jack Crawford Rod Laver 7 Don Budge 6 William Renshaw Wilfred Baddeley Anthony Wilding Maurice McLoughlin Gottfried von Cramm Jimmy Connors Björn Borg