In Roman Dacia, an estimated 50,000 troops were stationed at its height.
At the close of Trajan’s first campaign in Dacia in 102, he stationed one legion at Sarmizegetusa Regia. With the conclusion of Trajan’s conquest of Dacia, he stationed at least two legions in the new province – the Legio IV Flavia Felix positioned at Berzobis, and the Legio XIII Gemina stationed at Apulum. It has been conjectured that there was a third legion stationed in Dacia at the same time, the Legio I Adiutrix. However, there is no evidence to indicate when or where it was stationed. Debate continues over whether the legion was fully present, or whether it was only the vexillationes who were stationed in the province.
Hadrian, the subsequent emperor, shifted the fourth legion (Legio IV Flavia Felix) from Berzobis to Singidunum in Moesia Superior, suggesting that Hadrian believed the presence of one legion in Dacia would be sufficient to ensure the security of the province. The Marcomannic Wars that erupted north of the Danube forced Marcus Aurelius to reverse this policy, permanently transferring the Legio V Macedonica from Troesmis (modern Iglița in Romania) in Moesia Inferior to Potaissa in Dacia.
Epigraphic evidence attests to large numbers of auxiliary units stationed throughout the Dacian provinces during the Roman period; this has given the impression that Roman Dacia was a strongly militarized province. Yet it seems to have been no more highly militarized than any of the other frontier provinces, like the Moesias, the Pannonias, and Syria, and the number of legions stationed in Moesia and Pannonia were not diminished after the creation of Dacia. However, once Dacia was incorporated into the empire and the frontier was extended northward, the central portion of the Danube frontier between Novae and Durostorum was able to release much-needed troops to bolster Dacia’s defences. Military documents report at least 58 auxiliary units, most transferred into Dacia from the flanking Moesian and Pannonian provinces, with a wide variety of forms and functions, including numeri, cohortes milliariae, quingenariae, and alae. This does not imply that all were positioned in Dacia at the same time, nor that they were in place throughout the existence of Roman Dacia.
Legions Legio VETERANA VITRIX FELIX PIA FIDELIS TORQUATA ARMILLATA * CampsI AdiutrixConstantin C. Petolescu: Dacia - Un mileniu de istorie, Ed. Academiei Române, 2010, Academia Română: Istoria Românilor, Vol. 2, Daco-romani, romanici, alogeni, 2nd. Ed., București 2010, - - - ✓ - - - ApulumII Adiutrix - - - - - - - ?III Gallica - - - - - - - PorolissumIV Flavia - - - - - - Bersobis, Sarmizegetusa Ulpia Traiana, MiciaV Macedonica - - - - - - PotaissaVI Ferrata - - - - - - - ?VII Claudia - - - - - - - Romula, Drobeta, Castra of Bumbești-Jiu - Gară, Castra of Bumbești-Jiu - VârtopVII Gemina - - - - - - Tadius PorolissumX Gemina - - - - - - - SucidavaXIII GeminaCristian M. Vlădescu: Fortificațiile romane din Dacia Inferior, Craiova, 1986 - - - - - - Apulum, (Slăveni), Caput Stenarum, Arcobara, Dierna, Drobeta, Micia, Porolissum, Praetorium (castra of Mehadia), Stenarum, Ulpia Traiana SarmizegetusaXXII Primigenia - - - - - - Philippianorum Romula
Cohorts Cohort VETERANA MILLIARIA QUINGENARIA PEDITATA SCUTATA EQUITATA SAGITTARIA SPECULATORUM CIVIUM ROMANORUM PIA FIDELIS TORQUATA * CampsI Afrorum - - - - - - - - - - ?I Alpinorum - - - - - - - - - - (Călugăreni), (Orheiu Bistriței), (Sărățeni), (Odorheiu Secuiesc)I Antiochensium - - - - - - - - - - DrobetaI Batavorum - - - - - - - - CertinaeI BracaraugustanorumC.C. Giurescu: Istoria Românilor - Vol. I - Din cele mai vechi timpuri până la moartea lui Alexandru cel Bun, Ed. ALL, București, 2010, , p. 112 - - - - - - - - - Angustia, (Boroșneu Mare)I Brittonum - - - - - - - - - Augusta Nervia Pacensis, Aurelia, Flavia Malvensis Buridava, (Bumbești-Jiu - Gară), (Bumbești-Jiu - Vârtop), MalvaI Brittonum - - - - - - Ulpia Drobeta, Praetorium (of Mehadia), Samum, Arcobara, Certinae, Porolissum, ResculumI Cananefatium - - - - - - - - - - (Tihău)I Commagenorum - - - - ? - - - - Flavia Acidava, Jidava, Romula, (Sfârleanca), (Slăveni), (Drajna de Sus)I Cretum - - - - - - - - - DrobetaI Cypria - - - - - - - - - - (Bumbești-Jiu - Gară), (Bumbești-Jiu - Vârtop)I Gallorum - ? ? - - - - - - - Dacica ?I Gaesatorum - - - - - - - - Aelia ResculumI Hemesenorum - - - - - - - - - Aurelia Antonina MiciaI Hispanorum - - - - - - - - Flavia Ulpia (Orheiu Bistriței), NapocaI Hispanorum - - - - - - - - - LargianaI Hispanorum - - - - - - - - - Arutela, (Slăveni), Castra Traiana, Angustia, (Boroșneu Mare), (Reci), (Tirighina-Bărboși)I Ituraerorum - - - - - - - - Augusta Porolissum, (Buciumi), CertinaeI Montanorum - - - - - - - - - ?I Pannioniorum - - - - - - - - - (Gilău), ArrubiumI Sagittariorum - - - - - - - - - Drobeta, (Zăvoi), TibiscumI Thracum ? - ? - ? ? ? ? ? ? ?I Thracum - - - - - - - - AcidavaI Tyriorum - - - - - - - - - Agnaviae?, ArutelaI Ubiorum - - - - - - - - - - Stenarum, (Călugăreni), (Orheiu Bistriței), (Odorheiu Secuiesc)I Vindelicorum - - - - - - - - - Cumidavensis Arcidava, Cumidava, TibiscumII Bessorum - - - - - - - - - Flavia Buridava, (Cincșor), (Rucăr), (Olteni)? II Brittonum - - - - - - - - - Augusta Nervia Pacensis (Buciumi)II Britonnum / Britannica - - - - - - - - Arcobara, Certinae, SamumII Commagenorum - - - - - - - - Flavia MiciaII Gallorum - - - - - - - - - - ?II Gallorum - - - - - - - - - Dacica ?II Gallorum - - - - - - - - - Macedonica ?II Gallorum - - - - - - - - Pannonica ?II HispanorumPetru Ureche: Tactică, strategie și specific de luptă la cohortele equitate din Dacia Romană - - - - - - - Cyrenaica Drobeta, ResculumII Numidarum - - - - - - - - - - Flavia (Feldioara)III Campestris - - - - - - - - - Napoca, Drobeta, PorolissumIII Commagenorum - ? ? ? - ? - - ? - - - ?III Delmatarum - - - - - - - - - Dierna, (Moldova Veche), Porolissum, Praetorium (Mehadia)III Gallorum - - - - - - - - Felix Pons Aluti, (Hoghiz), (Boroșneu Mare)IV Betasiorum - ? ? - - - - - - - - (Olteni)IV Hispanorum - - - - - - - - - - Praetoria AugustaV Gallorum - - - - - - - - - - (Pojejana)V Lingonum - - - - - - - - - - PorolissumVI Gallica ? ? ? - ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?VI Thracum - - - - - - - - - Certinae, Optatiana, PorolissumVI Cumidavensium - - - - - - - - - Alexandrina Nova CumidavaVIII Raetorum - - - - - - - - Ad Pannonios, Praetorium (Mehadia), Praetoria AugustaIX Batavorum ? - - - ? ? ? ? ? ? Buridava
Alae Ala VETERANA MILLIARIA QUINGENARIA SCUTATA SAGITTARIA SPECULATORUM CIVIUM ROMANORUM PIA FIDELIS TORQUATA ARMILLATA * CampsI Asturum - - - - - - - - - -(Hoghiz), (Boroșneu Mare)I Batavorum - - - - - - - - - -(Boroșneu Mare), (Războieni-Cetate)I Bosporanorum - ? ? - - - ? - - - - Cristești / Marcodava?I Brittonum / Britannica - ? ? - - - - - - - (Gherla)?, Porolissum? I Flavia - - - - - - - - - FlaviaSamum, (Boroșneu Mare)I Gallorum - - - - - - - - - Claudia Capitoniana, Atectorigiana(Boroșneu Mare), (Reci), (Slăveni)I Hispanorum - - - - - - - - -(Slăveni)I Hispanorum Campagnorum - - - - - - - - - -MiciaI Illicorum - - - - - - - - - -(Brâncovenești), (Orheiu Bistriței)I Palmyrenorum - - - - - - - - - -(Boroșneu Mare)I Siliana - - - - - - Siliana(Gilău)I Tungrorum - - - - - - - - - FrontonianaArcobaraII [Gallorum et] Pannoniorum - - - - - - - - -(Gherla)
Numeri Numerus SINGUKARIUM PEDITUM EQUITUM SAGITTARIORUM EXPLORATORUM SPECULATORUM CIVIUM ROMANORUM * CampsAfricae et Mauretaniae Caesariensis - - - - - - - - ?Brittannicianorum - - - - - - GermisaraBurgariorum et Veredariorum - - - - - - - - PraetoriumCampestrorum - - ? - ? - ? - Micia?, Potaissa?Germanicianorum - - - - - - - (Bucium)Illycorum - - - - - - - (Brâncovenești), (Hoghiz)Maurorum Hispanorum - - - - - - - - AmpelumMaurorum Miciensium - - - - - - - - MiciaMaurorum O(ptatianensium?) - - - - - - - - OptatianaMaurorum S(aldensium?) - - - - - - - - (Răcari), PelendavaMaurorum Tibiscensium - - - - - - - - TibiscumPalmyrenorum Porolissensium - - - - - - - PorolissumPalmyrenorum Tibiscensium - - - - - - - TibiscumSyrorum - - - - - - - (Rădăcinești), Arutela, Romula, (Slăveni)
See also Roman Dacia Imperial Roman army List of Roman auxiliary regiments
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