This is a list of medieval stone churches in Finland. A total number of 104 fieldstone churches were built between the 13th and 16th century, of which 83 have been preserved. Numbers include the sacristies of uncompleted churches as well as three churches in Vyborg which is now part of Russia.
The construction years for each church are listed in accordance with ('Finnish Medieval Stone Churches') by historian Markus Hiekkanen. The book, first published in 2003, builds on the chronology first put forth in Hiekkanen's 1994 doctoral thesis "The Stone Churches of the Medieval Diocese of Turku: A Systematic Classification and Chronology." Until Hiekkanen's research, which is based in statistical interpretation of field observations using "a systematic database of comparative criteria," most of the churches were generally considered 100–200 years older.
While Hiekkanen's dates represent those most frequently used by state museums and the Finnish Heritage Agency, his work is not universally accepted and scholars have disagreed with various elements of his research, including his methods and certain dates offered. Åsa Ringbom of Åbo Akademi University, an art historian and one of the principal researchers of the Åland Churches Project, has offered dates for the construction of the stone churches of Åland that, in some cases, differ from Hiekkanen's by a century or more. Hiekkanen has consistently dismissed the interdisciplinary methods used by Ringbom and his colleagues – which include a combined study of written sources, stylistic dating, archeological finds, dendrochronology, and mortar dating, among other modes – and, conversely, Ringbom has called into question Hiekkanen's lack of transparency regarding his methodological principals and limited incorporation of data which fall outside of his model.
The provinces in this list refer to the historical provinces of Finland, which were replaced by the regions of Finland in 1634, and differ from the former provinces of Finland, which were in use during 1634 to 2009.
The official international name for cities, towns and municipalities in bilingual Finland follows the naming of the majority language of that area. But using the other name version is equal. During historical period the naming was mainly the Swedish one. The list follows the main rule as giving the official name first. But also giving the name in the other official language in the following column. This is of significant help for the reader as the names might very a lot. Medieval churches are historical and that is the reason a few of the names in Swedish that are considered out of use nowadays are entered as this is the way the churches might originally be named in sources and literature.https://sprakbruk.fi/artiklar/vad-heter-jakobstad-pa-engelska/
Number of churches by province Province Churches Sacristies Total Finland Proper 26 4 30 Tavastia 13 6 19 Uusimaa 14 – 14 Satakunta 9 4 13 Åland 13 – 13 Ostrobothnia 7 1 8 Karelia 4 1 5 Savonia – 1 1
Finland Proper Church Church name based on the other official language of Finland Image Original parish Parish named based the other official language of Finland Current municipality Municipality in the other official language of Finland Built Notes Halikko Church Halikko () Halikko 1460–1475 expanded 1813–1815 Kalanti Church Kalanti Uusikaupunki 1430–1450 Kimito Church Kimito Kimitoön 1460s Kisko Sacristy Kisko Kisko 1510–1530 Koroinen Church Diocese of Finland Diocese of Finland Turku 1266–1286 foundations, destroyed 1396 Korpo Church Korpo Pargas 1430s–1440s Laitila Church Laitila Laitila 1460–1483 Lemu Church Lemu Masku 1460–1480 Lieto Church Lieto Lieto 1470s–1480s Marttila Sacristy Marttila ( Marttila 1500–1540 ruins Masku Church Masku formerly in Swedish Masko Masku Formerly in Swedish Masko 1490–1510 Mynämäki Church Mynämäki Mynämäki 1425–1440 Naantali Church Nådendal Abbey Naantali 1480s Nagu Church Nagu Nagu 1430–1450 Nousiainen Church Nousiainen Nousiainen 1420s–1430s Pargas Church Pargas (] Pargas 1440s/1450s Perniö Church Perniö ( Salo Salo 1460–1480 Pertteli Church Pertteli Salo Salo 1500–1520 Piikkiö Sacristy Piikkiö Kaarina 1500–1560 demolished, no remains found Pöytyä Sacristy Pöytyä Pöytyä 1500–1560 demolished 1805, no remains found Raisio Church Raisio Raisio 1500–1520 Rusko Church Rusko Rusko 1510–1530 Rymättylä Church Rymättylä Naantali 1510s Sauvo Church Sauvo Sauvo 1460–1472 St. Ann's Chapel Uskela Salo 1500–1520 demolished 1832, memorial 1953 St. Catherine's Church Turku Turku 1440s–1450s St. Mary's Church Maaria Turku 1440s Taivassalo Church Taivassalo Taivassalo 1425–1440 Turku Cathedral Archdiocese of Turku Turku 1400s–1410s Turku Dominican Church Dominican Convent in Turku Dominican convent in Åbo, Finland Turku 1430s no wisible remains. Place known under present street Vehmaa Church () Vehmaa Vehmaa 1425–1440
Karelia Church Church name based on the other official language of Finland Image Original parish Parish name based on the other official language of Finland Current municipality Municipality in the other official language Built Notes Dominican Church of Vyborg Dominican Convent in Vyborg Vyborg 1481 destroyed by fire 1738, rebuilt 1828–1833, destroyed by fire 1989 Franciscan Church of VyborgFranciscan Church of Viborg Franciscan Convent in Viborg Vyborg 1495–1497 demolished 1741 St. Mary's Church Vehkalahti Hamina 1430–1470 destroyed by fire 1821, rebuilt Virolahti Sacristy Virolahti Virolahti 1500–1530 Vyborg Old Cathedral Vyborg Vyborg 1435–1445 ruins, destroyed 1940
Ostrobothnia Church Church name based on the other official language in Finland Image Original parish Parish name based on the other official language in Finland Current municipality Munisipality in the other official language in Finland Built Notes Alatornio Church Alatornio Tornio 1500–1513 expanded 1794–1797 Isokyrö Old Church Isokyrö Isokyrö 1513–1533 Kaarlela ChurchKarleby Church Kaarlela Kokkola 1500–1530 expanded 1788–1789 Keminmaa Church Kemi Keminmaa 1520–1553 Närpes Church Närpes Närpes 1550–1555 Pedersöre Church Pedersöre Jakobstad 1510–1520 expanded 1787–1795 St. Mary's Church Korsholm Vaasa 1500–1520 ruins, destroyed by fire 1852 Vörå Sacristy Vörå Vörå 1519–1522 ruins beneath the 1626 church
Satakunta Church Church name based on the second official language in Finland Image Original parish Parish name based on the second official language in Finland Current municipality Municipality in the other official language in Finland Built Notes Church of the Holy Cross Franciscan Convent in Rauma Rauma 1515–1520 Huittinen Church Huittinen Huittinen 1500 expanded 1793 and 1860 Kokemäki Sacristy Kokemäki Kokemäki 1500–1540 Köyliö Sacristy Köyliö Köyliö early 16th century no remains found Lempäälä Church Lempäälä Lempäälä 1502–1505 expanded 1806 and 1835–1838 Loimaa Sacristy Loimaa Loimaa 1500–1560 demolished 1751, no remains found Messukylä Old Church Messukylä Tampere 1510–1530 Nokia Manor Chapel Nokia Manor Nokia 1505–1529 foundations, demolished 1760s Sastamala Church Karkku Sastamala 1497–1505 St. Olaf's Church Tyrvää Sastamala 1506–1516 interior destroyed by fire 1997 St. Olaf's Church St. Olaf's Church Ulvila Ulvila 1495–1510 Trinity Church Rauma Rauma 1495–1505 ruins, destroyed by fire 1640 Vesilahti Sacristy Vesilahti Vesilahti 1485–1500 demolished 1839
Savonia Church Church name based on the second official language in Finland Image Original parish Parish namne based on the socond official language in Finland Current municipality Municipality inte the secon official langiage in Finland Built Notes Savilahti Stone Sacristy Savilahti Mikkeli 1520–1560 abandoned 18th century, restored 1901
Tavastia Church Church name based on the second official language in Finland Image Original parish Original Parish name based on the second official language in Finland Current municipality Municipality name based on the second official language in Finland Built Notes Akaa Sacristy Akaa Akaa ca. 1510 Hauho Church Hauho Hämeenlinna 1500–1520 Hollola Church Hollola Hollola 1495–1510 Holy Cross Church Hattula Hattula 1472–1490 Hämeenkoski Church Koski Hämeenkoski 1510–1560 ruins, abandoned early 17th century Janakkala Church Janakkala Janakkala 1510–1520 expanded 1840s Kalvola Sacristy Kalvola Hämeenlinna 1495–1505 Lammi Church Lammi Hämeenlinna 1510s Padasjoki Sacristy Padasjoki Padasjoki 1520–1560 demolished 1660s, present church 1670 Renko Church Renko Hämeenlinna 1510–1550 Somero Sacristy Somero Somero 1490s St. Michael's Church Pälkäne Pälkäne 1495–1505 ruins, abandoned 1839 Sysmä Church Sysma Sysmä 1510–1520 expanded 1833–1834 Sääksmäki Church Sääksmäki Valkeakoski 1495–1500 destroyed by fire 1929, rebuilt 1933 Tammela Church Tammela Tammela 1530–1550 Tuulos Church Tuulos Hämeenlinna 1510–1540 Tyrväntö Sacristy Tyrväntö Hattula early 16th century Urjala Sacristy Urjala Urjala 1520–1540 Vanaja Church Vanaja Hämeenlinna 1495–1510
Uusimaa Church Church name based on the second official language in Finland Image Original parish Parish name based on the second official language in Finland Current municipality Municipality name in the second official language in Finland Built Notes Espoo Cathedral Espoo Espoo 1485–1490 expanded 1821–1823 Ingå Church Ingå Ingå 1430–1520 Karis Church Karis Raseborg 1465–1470 Kirkkonummi Church Kirkkonummi Kirkkonummi 1400–1490 expanded 18th and 19th century Lohja Church Lohja Lohja 1470–1490 Pernå Church Pernå Loviisa 1410–1442 Pojo Church Pojo Raseborg 1475–1480 Porvoo Cathedral Porvoo Porvoo 1414–1450 Pyhtää Church Pyhtää Pyhtää 1462 Sipoo Old Church Sipoo Sipoo 1450–1454 Siuntio Church Siuntio Siuntio 1460–1489 Tenala Church Tenala Raseborg 1460–1480 Church of St. Lawrence Helsingin pitäjän kirkonkylä Vantaa 1450s Vihti Church Vihti Vihti 1500–1520 ruins, abandoned 1801
Åland Åland is officially monolingual Swedish speaking and the names are just according to the Swedish language.
Church Image Original parish Current municipality Built Notes Church of St. Olaf Jomala Jomala 1275–1285 Eckerö Church Eckerö Eckerö 1380–1420 Finström Church Finström Finström 1440–1470 Föglö Church Föglö Föglö 1500–1520 expanded 1859–1860 Geta Church Geta Geta 1510–1540 Hammarland Church Hammarland Hammarland 14th century Kumlinge Church Kumlinge Kumlinge 1500–1510 Kökar Church Franciscan Convent in Kökar Kökar 1500–1520 abandoned late 16th century, present church 1784 Lemböte Chapel Lemland Lemland 1500–1530 abandoned late 16th century, renovated 1890s Lemland Church Lemland Lemland 1290–1310 Saltvik Church Saltvik Saltvik 1350s–1370s Sund Church Sund Sund late 13th century Vårdö Church Vårdö Vårdö 1520–1550
Sources
See also Architecture of Finland
External links