Hannikainen is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Hannikainen family of musicians Alli Hannikainen (1867–1949), Finnish choir director and singing teacher Ann-Elise Hannikainen (1946–2012), Finnish composer Arvo Hannikainen (1897–1942), Finnish violinist and composer Väinö Hannikainen (1900–1960), Finnish harpist and composer Ilmari Hannikainen (1892–1955), Finnish pianist and composer Pekka Juhani Hannikainen (1854–1924), Finnish composer Tauno Hannikainen (1896–1968), Finnish cellist and conductor Tuomas Hannikainen (born 1965), Finnish conductor and violinist
Others Pietari Hannikainen (1813–1899), Finnish writer and journalist Heikki Hannikainen (1915–1989), Finnish diplomat Markus Hännikäinen (born 1993), Finnish ice hockey player