Baklanov (; masculine) or Baklanova (feminine) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Georges Baklanoff (1881–1938), Russian operatic baritone Gleb Baklanov (1910–1976), Soviet officer, Hero of the Soviet Union Grigory Baklanov (1923–2009), Russian novelist Oleg Baklanov (1932–2021), Soviet politician Olga Baclanova (sometimes simply "Baclanova"; 1896–1974), Russian actress Vera Baklanova (born 1947), Russian diver (1809–1873), Russian general, hero of the Caucasian War (see Monument to Yakov Baklanov)