Caudill is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Bill Caudill (born 1956), American baseball player Harry M. Caudill (1922–1990), American writer, historian and lawyer Randall Caudill, American businessman Rebecca Caudill (1899–1985), American writer Virginia Caudill (born 1960), American convicted murderer Walter C. Caudill (1888–1963), Virginia physician and legislator William Abel Caudill (1920–1972), American medical anthropologist