Wheelwright is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Edmund M. Wheelwright (1854–1912), American architect Edward Lawrence Wheelwright (1921–2007), Australian economist and political theorist Esther Wheelwright (1696–1780), Ursuline nun in Québec Horace William Wheelwright (1815–1865), English naturalist and writer John Wheelwright (1592–1679), English clergyman and early American settler John Brooks Wheelwright (1897–1940), American poet Philip Wheelwright (1901–1970), American philosopher William Wheelwright (1798–1873), American businessman