The echinoderms of Venezuela are a strictly marine animal phylum comprising about 124 species of marine waters designated for Venezuelan Caribbean. The first lists of species for Venezuelan coast date back to 1939 and 1967.
In Venezuela are five classes representatives living today: Crinoidea, Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea and Holothuroidea.Zoppy, E. & Cedeño, A. 1980. Phylum Echinodermata. En: Bodini, R. & Rada, D. Biología Animal. Editorial Ateneo de Caracas. Caracas - Venezuela. pp:233-242 In this list are listed 105 species for the territory Venezuelan.
List of species identified for Venezuela
Crinoidea (Sea Lilies)
CrinoideaSpeciesCommon nameGlobal distribution Distribution by stateThe following codes are used: An: Anzoátegui Ar: Aragua Ca: Carabobo DA: Delta Amacuro DF: Dependencias Federales Fa: Falcón Mi: Miranda Mo: Monagas NE: Nueva Esparta Su: Sucre Va: Vargas Zu: ZuliaImageAntedon bifida (Pennant, 1777) Rosy Feather-starAtlantic OceanAr; Su; VaDavidaster rubiginosus (Pourtàles, 1869) Sea lilyMatínez E. Rafael y Martínez M. Enrique. 1998: Técnicas generales para invertebrados, colecta, anestesia, fijación, preservación, coloración, montaje, cultivo y calidad de agua. Caracas. 246p.Caribbean SeaAr Tropiometra carinata (Lamarck, 1816) Black and White Sea LilyAtlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean Ar; Ca; Fa; DF; Su; Va
Asteroidea (Starfishs)
AsteroideaSpeciesCommon nameGlobal distribution Distribution by stateImage Anthenoides piercei Perrier, 1881 StarfishCervigon, F. y Velázquez, E. 1981. Nombres venáculos de organismos marinos del Estado Nueva Esparta. Caracas. 53p.Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean SeaNE; Su Asterinides folium (Lütken, 1859) Common Blunt Armed Sea StarNorthwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean SeaSu Astropecten antillensis Lütken, 1859 StarfishNorthwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea Su; Zu Astropecten brasiliensis Müller & Troschel (1842) StarfishWestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean SeaAn; Fa; Mi; NE; Su Astropecten duplicatus Gray, 1840 Two-spined Star Fish Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean SeaNE; Su; Va; Zu Astropecten marginatus Gray, 1840 StarfishNorthwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean SeaDA; Fa; NE; Su; Zu Echinaster brasiliensis Müller & Troschel, 1842 StarfishAtlantic Ocean, Caribbean SeaSu Echinaster echinophorus (Lamarck, 1816) StarfishNorthwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean SeaDF; NE; Su Goniaster tesellatus (Lamarck, 1816) StarfishAtlantic OceanNE; Su Linckia guildingi Gray, 1840 Yellow StarfishCosmopolitanNE Luidia alternata (Say, 1825)StarfishCaribbean SeaNE; Su; Zu Luidia clathrata (Say, 1825) StarfishAtlantic Ocean, Southern OceanAn; NE; Su; Zu Luidia senegalensis (Lamarck, 1816) Nine-armed Sea Star Northwestern Atlantic OceanMi; NE; Su Oreaster reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1858)Orange Starfish Cushion Sea StarCaribbean SeaFa; Mi; Mo; NE; Su Tethyaster vestitus (Say, 1825) StarfishCaribbean SeaDA; DF; Su
Ophiuroidea (Sea spiders and sea snakes)
OphiuroideaSpeciesCommon nameGlobal distribution Distribution by stateImageAmphiodia trychna H. L. Clark, 1918 Sea spiders Caribbean SeaAn; SuAmphioplus coniortodes H. L. Clark, 1918 Sea spiders Caribbean SeaAn; NE; SuAmphipholis januarii Ljungman, 1867 Sea spiders Caribbean SeaSuAmphipholis squamata (Delle Chiaje, 1828) Small Brittle StarAtlantic Ocean, Indian OceanNE; SuAmphiura palmeri T Lyman, 1882Sea spiders Caribbean SeaSuAmphiura rathbuni Koehler, 1914Sea spiders Caribbean SeaNEAmphiura stimpsonii Lútken, 1859 Sea spiders Caribbean SeaSuAsteronyx loveni Müller & Troschel, 1824 Pipe-cleaner BrittlestarNorthern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea FaAstrophyton muricatum (Lamarck, 1816) Grifo Giant Basket StarCaribbean SeaAr; DF; NE; SuMicrophiopholis atra (Stimpson, 1852) Sea spidersNorthwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea An; DA; Mo; SuMicrophiopholis gracillima (Stimpson, 1852) Sea spidersCaribbean Sea SuOphiactis muelleri Lütken, 1856 Sea spiders Caribbean SeaSuOphiactis algicola H.L. Clark, 1933 Sea spiders Caribbean SeaSuOphiactis savignyi (Müller & Troschel, 1842) Savigny's Brittle Star Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Indian Ocean DF; Mi; NE; SuOphiocnida scabriuscula (Lútken, 1859) Lobate Brittle Star Caribbean Sea SuOphiocoma echinata (Lamarck, 1816) Black Brittle Star Caribbean SeaAr; DF; Fa; NE; Su Ophiocoma pumila Lütken, 1859 Banded Ophiocoma Caribbean SeaDF; Fa; Su; Va Ophiocoma wendtii Müller & Troschel, 1842Red Ophiocoma Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Indian Ocean NE; Su Ophiocomella ophiactoides (H. L. Clark, 1963)Coralline Brittle StarCaribbean SeaAr; Su Ophioderma appressa (Say, 1825)Harlequin Brittle Star Caribbean SeaDF; Mi; NE; Su Ophioderma brevicauda Lütken, 1856Short Spined OphiodermaCaribbean SeaCa; DF; Fa; Mi Ophioderma brevispina (Say, 1825)Sea spiders Caribbean SeaDF; Mi Ophioderma cinerea Müller & Troschel, 1842Chocolate Brittle Star Caribbean SeaSu Ophioderma rubicunda Lütken, 1856 Ruby Brittle Star Caribbean SeaSu Ophiolepis elegans Lütken, 1859 Sea spiders Caribbean SeaAn; DF; Mi; NE; Su Ophiolepis impressa Lütken, 1859 Sea spiders Caribbean SeaMi; Su Ophiolepis paucispina (Say, 1825) Scaly Brittle Star Caribbean SeaSu Ophiomyxa flaccida (Say, 1825) Slimy Brittle StarCaribbean SeaDF; Su Ophionereis olivacea H. L. Clark, 1901 Sea spiders Caribbean SeaSu Ophionereis reticulata (Say, 1925) Reticulated Brittle StarAtlantic Ocean, Caribbean SeaDF; NE; Su Ophionereis squamulosa Köehler, 1913 Sea spiders Caribbean SeaSu Ophiopsila hartmeyeri Koehler, 1913 Sea spiders Caribbean SeaSu Ophiopsila riisei Lütken, 1859 Sea spiders Caribbean SeaAr; DF; Su Ophiophragmus wurdemani (Lyman, 1860)Sea spiders Caribbean SeaVa Ophiothrix angulata (Say, 1825)Angular Brittle Star Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean SeaDF; Mi; NE; Su Ophiothrix brachyactis H. L. Clark, 1915Sea spiders Caribbean SeaSu Ophiothrix oerstedii Lütken, 1856 Oersted's Brittle Star Caribbean SeaDF; NE; SuOphiothrix suensonii Lütken, 1856 Suenson's Brittle Star Caribbean SeaNE; Su Ophiura acervata Lyman 1869 Sea spiders Caribbean SeaDA; Mo; Su
Echinoidea (Sea urchins and sand dollar)
EchinoideaSpeciesCommon nameGlobal distribution Distribution by stateImageArbacia punctulata (Lamarck, 1816) Purple Sea Urchin.Serafy, Keith. & Fell, Julian. 1985: Marine flora and fauna of the Northeastern United States. Echidodermata: Echinoidea. NOAA technical Report NMFS 33. 28p.Caribbean SeaAn; NE; Su Brissopsis elongata Mortensen, 1907 Caribbean SeaAn; Su Brissus unicolor (Leske, 1778) Groove Burrowing UrchinAtlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Western Mediterranean SeaAn; DF; SuClypeaster cyclopylus H.L.Clark, 1941Venezuelan Caribbean SeaDF (Archp. Los Testigos)Clypeaster euclastus H.L.Clark, 1941Caribbean SeaAn, Ca, DA, DF, FaClypeaster lamprus H.L.Clark, 1914Caribbean SeaVaClypeaster prostratus Ravenel, 1848Caribbean SeaFa, ZuClypeaster rosaceus (Linnaeus, 1758)Sea BiscuitCaribbean SeaFa; DF; NEClypeaster subdepressus (Gray, 1825) Sand Dollar Caribbean SeaAn; Fa; NE; SuDiadema antillarum (Philippi & Agassiz, 1863) Long-spined Sea UrchinAtlantic Ocean, Caribbean SeaAr; Ca; DF; Mi; Su; VaEchinometra lucunter (Linnaeus, 1758) Rock-boring UrchinCaribbean SeaAn; Ar; Ca; DA; DF; Fa; Mi; Mo; NE; Su; Va; ZuEchinometra viridis Agassiz, 1863 Green UrchinCaribbean SeaAr; Ca; DF; Fa; MiEncope emarginata (Leske, 1778)Sand Dollar, CookieCaribbean SeaAr; NE; SuEncope michelini Agassiz, 1841Notched Sand DollarCaribbean SeaAr; NE; SuEucidaris tribuloides (Lamarck, 1816) Slate Pencil UrchinCaribbean SeaDF; Mi; NE; Su; Va; Zu Leodia sexiesperforata (Leske, 1778) Six Holed Keyhole UrchinAtlantic Ocean, Caribbean SeaAn; Ar; Ca; Mi; NE; Su; Va Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck, 1816)Variegated Sea UrchinCaribbean SeaAn; Ar; Ca; DA; DF; Fa; Mi; Mo; NE; su; Va; ZuMellita quinquiesperforata latiambulacra H. L. Clark, 1940Dollar see; CookieCaribbean SeaAn; Ar; Ca; DA; Fa; Mi; Mo; NE; Su; Va; Zu Meoma ventricosa (Lamarck, 1816)Caribbean SeaDF; NE Moira atropos (Lamarck, 1816)Caribbean SeaSu; Plagiobrissus grandis (Gmelin, 1788) Caribbean SeaAn; DA; Su Schizaster orbignyanus Agassiz, 1980 Caribbean SeaAn; DA; Su Tripneustes ventricosus (Lamarck, 1816) Sea EggCaribbean SeaDF; Fa; Mi; NE; Su; Va
Holothuroidea (Sea Cucumbers)
HolothuroideaSpeciesCommon nameGlobal distribution Distribution by stateImage Aslia pygmaea (Théel 1886) Venezuelan Caribbean seaNE Aslia surinamensis (Semper 1868)Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean NE Astichopus multifidus (Sluter, 1910)Museo de Biología de la Universidad Central de Venezuela. Catálogo de Echinodermata MBUCV-VI. Universidad Central de Venezuela. Facultad de Ciencias. Instituto de Zoología Tropical Caracas – Venezuela.Fissured Sea CucumberCaribbean Sea, Atlantic OceanDF Chiridota rotifera (Pourtalès, 1851) Worm Cucumber Caribbean Sea, Atlantic OceanSu Euthyonacta solida (Deichmann, 1930) Caribbean Sea, Atlantic OceanSu Holothuria arenicola Semper, 1868 Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean, Indian OceanSu Holothuria cubana Ludwig, 1875 Caribbean Sea, Atlantic OceanSu Holothuria glaberrima Selenka, 1867 Brown Rock Sea Cucumber Caribbean Sea, Atlantic OceanSu Holothuria grisea (Selenka; 1867) Gray Sea CucumberCaribbean Sea, Atlantic OceanSu Holothuria impatiens (Forskaal, 1775) Impatient Sea Cucumber Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, Indian OceanSu Holothuria mexicana Ludwig, 1875 Donkey Dung Sea Cucumber Caribbean Sea, Atlantic OceanDF; Fa Holothuria occidentalis Ludwig, 1875 Caribbean SeaSu Holothuria parvula (Selenka, 1867) Golden Sea CucumberCaribbean Sea, Indian Ocean Su Holothuria princeps (Selenka, 1867) Caribbean SeaSu Holothuria surinamensis Ludwig, 1875 Surinam Sea Cucumber Caribbean SeaZu Holothuria thomasi Pawson & Caycedo, 1980 Tiger Tail Sea CocumberCaribbean Seasu Isostichopus badionotus (Selenka, 1867) Three-rowed Sea CucumberCaribbean SeaDF; Su Lissothuria antillensis Pawson, 1967 Venezuelan Caribbean SeaSu Lissothuria braziliensis (Théel, 1886) Venezuelan Caribbean SeaSu Ocnus suspectus (Ludwig, 1874) Caribbean SeaGarcía, Rosa del Valle., Solís-Marín, Francisco A., Abreu Pérez, Mercedes., Laguarda Figueras, Alfredo & Durán-González, Alicia. 2005 Catálogo de los equinodermos Echinodermata: Crinoidea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea) nerítico-bentónicos del Archipiélago Cubano. Rev. Biol. Trop. 53(Suppl. 3):9-28, D Su Pentamera pulcherrima Ayres, 1852 Nortrwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean SeaSu Pseudothyone belli (Luswig, 1887) Caribbean SeaSu Sclerodactyla briareus (Lesueur, 1824) Caribbean SeaSu Thyone pseudofusus Deichmann, 1930 Caribbean SeaSu Thyonidium seguroensis (Deichmann, 1930) Caribbean SeaSu
See also List of birds of Venezuela List of introduced molluscs of Venezuela List of mammals of Venezuela List of marine molluscs of Venezuela List of molluscs of Falcón State, Venezuela List of non-marine molluscs of El Hatillo Municipality, Miranda, Venezuela List of non-marine molluscs of Venezuela List of Poriferans of Venezuela
Notas
References
External links Venciclopedia - Listado de Equinodermos de Venezuela
Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano I: Crinoidea, Asteroidea y Ophiuroidea. 2012. Milena Benavides Serrato. Giomar Helena Borrero Pérez. Christian Michael Díaz Sánchez. Instituto de Investigaciones Marino Costeras José Benito Vives De Andrèis (IVEMAR). Colombia. Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano II: Echinoidea y Holothuroidea. 2012. Milena Benavides Serrato. Giomar Helena Borrero Pérez. Christian Michael Díaz Sánchez. Instituto de Investigaciones Marino Costeras José Benito Vives De Andrèis (IVEMAR). Colombia. Alvarado, Juan José., y Alfonso S.M., Francisco. (editores) 2013: Echinoderm research and diversity in Latin America. Springer Verlag, Berlin. ,