25D-NBOMe

25D-NBOMe, also known as NBOMe-2C-D and "divination", is a derivative of the phenethylamine derived hallucinogen 2C-D. It acts in a similar manner to related compounds such as 25I-NBOMe, which is a potent agonist at the 5-HT2A receptor. 25D-NBOMe has been sold as a street drug since 2010 and produces similar effects in humans to related compounds such as 25I-NBOMe and 25C-NBOMe. It was banned as a Temporary Class Drug in the UK on 10 June 2013 after concerns about its recreational use.

Use and effects The dose range of 25D-NBOMe has been given as 0.3 to 1.2mg or more sublingually, with a typical dose estimate of 1.0mg.

Toxicity and harm potential

Neurotoxic and cardiotoxic actions

Emergency treatment

Interactions

Pharmacology Pharmacodynamics + Target Affinity (Ki, nM) 5-HT1A 4,510–7,100 (Ki)5,900 ()55% () 5-HT1B 5-HT1D 5,354 5-HT1E 5-HT1F 5-HT2A 0.22–2.52 (Ki)0.224–90 ()27–148% () 5-HT2B 2.05–3.89 (Ki)32.3–100 ()22–48% () 5-HT2C 0.69–13 (Ki)1.37–11.5 ()96–97% () 5-HT3 5-HT4 5-HT5A 5-HT6 168.9 5-HT7 6,744 α1A 700 α1B, α1D α2A 370 α2B, α2C β1–β3 D1 8,700 D2 2,600 D3 6,400 D4, D5 H1 630 H2–H4 M1–M5 I1 σ1, σ2 MOR (Ki)>63,000 ()<5–72% () DOR KOR 13,000 (Ki) (mouse)810 (Ki) (rat)4,000 () (mouse)1,500 () (rat)>30,000 () (human)67% () (mouse)34% () (rat) 1,400–1,780 (Ki)1,024–3,900 () () 2,200–6,700 (Ki)1,170–4,000 () () 14,000–34,500 (Ki)106,000 () () Notes: The smaller the value, the more avidly the drug binds to the site. All proteins are human unless otherwise specified. Refs: Hansen, M. (2010). Design and Synthesis of Selective Serotonin Receptor Agonists for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of the Brain: PhD Thesis. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen. https://bitnest.netfirms.com/external/Theses/Hansen2011

25D-NBOMe acts as an agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2 receptors.

The drug produces the head-twitch response, a behavioral proxy of psychedelic-like effects, in rodents.

25D-NBOMe has shown reinforcing effects in rodents. This included conditioned place preference (CPP) and self-administration. Relatedly, the drug has been found to increase dopaminergic signaling in the nucleus accumbens.

History 25D-NBOMe was first described in the scientific literature by 2012.Casale, J. F., & Hays, P. A. (2012). Characterization of eleven 2, 5-dimethoxy-N-(2-methoxybenzyl) phenethylamine (NBOMe) derivatives and differentiation from their 3-and 4-methoxybenzyl analogues—part I. Microgram Journal, 9(2), 84–109. https://www.dea.gov/sites/default/files/pr/microgram-journals/2012/mj9_84-109.pdf

Society and culture Legal status Canada 25D-NBOMe is a controlled substance in Canada under phenethylamine blanket-ban language.

China As of October 2015 25D-NBOMe is a controlled substance in China.

Finland Scheduled in the "government decree on prohibited psychoactive substances in consumer markets".

Sweden Sveriges riksdag added 25D-NBOMe to schedule I ("substances, plant materials and fungi which normally do not have medical use") as narcotics in Sweden as of Aug 1, 2013, published by Medical Products Agency in their regulation LVFS 2013:15 listed as 25D-NBOMe 2-(2,5-dimetoxi-4-metylfenyl)-N-(2-metoxibensyl)etanamin.

United Kingdom

United States 25D-NBOMe is not an explicitly controlled substance in the United States. However, it could be considered a controlled substance under the Federal Analogue Act if intended for human consumption.

25D-NBOMe

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