Nesterov (), or Nesterova (feminine; Нестерова), is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Alexander Nesterov (born 1985), Russian ice hockey forward Andriy Nesterov (born 1990), Ukrainian football defender Ignatiy Nesterov (born 1983), Uzbekistani football goalkeeper Margarita Nesterova (born 1989), Russian swimmer Mikhail Nesterov (1862–1942), Russian painter Nikita Nesterov (born 1993), Russian ice hockey defenceman (1883–1941), Russian herpetologist Pyotr Nesterov (1887–1914), Russian aviator, the namesake of the Nesterov Loop aerobatic maneuver Svetlana Nesterova, Russian composer and violinist Vladimir Nesterov (1949–2022), general director of the Russian State Research and Production Space Center Yuri Nesterov (born 1967), Russian handball player Yurii Nesterov, Russian mathematician