The Office of Defense Cooperation Turkey (ODC-T, ) to Turkey is a United States Security Assistance Organization (SAO) to Turkey. It was established in 1947 as the Joint American Military Mission for Aid to Turkey (JAMMAT), and renamed the Joint United States Military Mission for Aid to Turkey (JUSMMAT) in 1958. It became the ODC-T in 1994. After Turkey joined NATO in 1952, JAMMAT became the largest of the United States European Commands (USEUCOM).

History After the British government declared on 21 February 1947 its inability to provide financial aid (though she would establish the Central Treaty Organization a decade later), Turkey turned towards the United States, who drew up the Truman Doctrine, pledging to "support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures". $100 million was appropriated two months after the US Congress ratified the Truman Doctrine on 12 March 1947. This figure was raised to $233 million by 1950, after Turkey contributed a brigade of about 5000 men to the United Nations forces in the Korean War. In August 1947, the American Military Mission for Aid to Turkey (AMMAT) was established in Ankara under the authority of the US ambassador.

On 5 October 1947, a delegation of senior Turkish military officials traveled to the United States to establish the military framework of the co-operation agreement.Ecevit Kılıç, Özel Harp Dairesi: Türkiye'nin Gizli Tarihi, quoted in

Secretary of the Army Royall suggested in about January 1949 that the coordinated U.S. Army, Navy, and Air Force Groups within AMAT be reorganized as sections of a joint military mission with a single head. (867.20 Mission/1–849). In October 1949, the Joint Chiefs of Staff issued a directive establishing the Joint American Military Mission for Aid to Turkey (JAMMAT). Major General Horace L. McBride, as senior army officer on duty, became Chief of JAMMAT.https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1949v06/d1141; JCS 1704/28, approved October 11, 1949. Munson IV, “The Joint American Military Mission to Aid Turkey: Implementing the Truman Doctrine and Transforming U.S. Foreign Policy, 1947-1954,” 1.

After joining the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) on 18 February 1952, Turkey signed a Military Facilities Agreement on 23 June 1954, paving the way for a large scale US military presence.

With the creation of the stay-behind NATO Operation Gladio in the early 1950s, the Turkish component, the Special Warfare Department, was established within the JUSMATT building. quoting Bülent Ecevit from

With a staff of 1200 by 1959, JAMMAT was the largest of the United States European Commands (USEUCOM), and also the world's largest military assistance and advisory group by 1951. (original PDF . 3.1MB)

It was reported in December 1958 that Maj Gen Armistead D. Mead was to complete his tour as Chief of JAMMAT in June 1959. At the time, the Chief of Staff had approved Maj. Gen. Martin J. Morin, at the time commanding the 9th Infantry Division (United States) at Fort Carson, to replace General Mead.https://catalog.archives.gov/id/223737292?objectPage=737#object-thumb--737

JAMMAT was renamed to the Joint United States Military Mission for Aid to Turkey (JUSMMAT) in 1958, and the Office of Defense Cooperation Turkey (ODC-T) () on 1 May 1994.Defunct ODC Turkey Web site (2002)

References

External links Benson, A Brief History of U.S. Forces in Turkey, 1947-1978 Simon Duke, U.S. Military Forces and Installations in Europe, Oxford University Press for SIPRI, 1989 Melvyn P. Leffler, "Strategy, Diplomacy, and the Cold War: The United States, Turkey, and NATO, 1945-1952," The Journal of American History, Vol. 71, No. 4 (Mar., 1985), pp. 807-825. Livingston, Craig. "‘One thousand wings’: the United States Air Force Group and the American Mission for Aid to Turkey, 1947–50." Middle Eastern Studies 30, no. 4 (1994): 778-825. Munson IV, Howard Adelbert (2012), The Joint American Military Mission to Aid Turkey: Implementing the TRuman Doctrine AND TRANSFORMING U.S. FOREIGN POLICY, 1947-1954 Building For Peace: U.S. Army Engineers in Europe 1945-1991 (2007), Chapter 3, CEHO Joseph C. Satterthwaite (1972), "The Truman Doctrine: Turkey", Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol 401, May 1972 Beginning of mission - https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1947v05/d138