Aharonyan (), also transliterated as Aharonian, is an Armenian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Avetis Aharonyan (1866–1948), Armenian politician and writer Ruben Aharonyan (born 1947), Armenian classical violinist
Aharonian Coriún Aharonián (1940–2017), Uruguayan composer and musicologist Felix A. Aharonian (born 1952), astrophysicist