Caenocentrotus is a monotypic genus of sea urchins of the family Echinometridae. Its sole accepted species is Caenocentrotus gibbosus, a spine-covered urchin first scientifically described in 1846 by Agassiz, in L. Agassiz & Desor. It has been documented in the eastern Pacific, on the coasts of Peru, Ecuador, and the Galápagos Islands.

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