The Order of San Marino or Civil and Military Equestrian Order of Saint Marinus () is an order of San Marino. Established 13 August 1859, the order is presented for outstanding civil or military services to the Republic, or for humanitarian, artistic, political or scientific accomplishment. It is only ever awarded to people who are not citizens of the Republic of San Marino.
The Equestrian Order of San Marino is divided into five ranks: Knight Grand Cross, Knight Grand Officer, Knight Major Officer or Commander, Knight Officer and Knight. The first rank of the Order is only awarded to sovereigns, members of reigning families, high state officials, or to those who have rendered extraordinary services to the Republic of San Marino.
The badge of the Order of San Marino is a birostrate cross of gold, enamelled in white. It is flanked by four golden towers. The badge is charged on one side with a round shield, circled in blue with the words: San Marino Protettore. An image of Saint Marinus is in the centre of the shield. On the other side, the San Marino coats of arms is encircled by the words Merito Civile e Militare and the badge is bordered by a golden crown. The ribbon is of wavy silk with alternating blue and white stripes.
The Knights of the Grand Cross also have a star which is a white birostrate cross. This is charged with a blue, round shield with the inscription: Relinquo vos liberos ab utroque homine. It is surrounded by a garland of enamelled oak and olive branches; these are leaning against a ray of four golden beams alternating with four silver beams. The Grand Officers of the order also have the same star, but of a smaller size.
The Order of Saint Agatha is the next lower in order of precedence.
Grades The order is presented in five ranks: Knight of Grand Cross (Cavaliere di Gran Croce) Knight Grand Officer (Cavaliere Grand'Ufficiale) Knight Major Officer or Commander (Cavaliere Ufficiale Maggiore or Commendatore) Knight Officer (Cavaliere Ufficiale) Knight (Cavaliere)
Ribbon bars of the Order of San MarinoKnightOfficerCommanderGrand OfficerGrand Cross
Collar With the decree of 30 April 1964, the Collar of the Order was established, which is normally conferred on heads of state by the Grand and General Council.
Recipients
Prominent people who have been awarded the Order of San Marino Date of awardCountryRecipient Giuseppe Natoli 1889 Victor Emmanuel III of Italy Francesco Azzuri Pietro Gasparri 23 September 1907 Camillo Peano 27 November 1918 Pietro Badoglio 13 March 1919 Thomas Nelson Page 13 March 1919 Sidney Sonnino 16 September 1926 Gaston Doumergue 15 September 1928 Costanzo Ciano 15 September 1931 Victor J. Dowling 15 September 1931 Jimmy Walker 19 May 1932 Pope Pius XII 22 November 1934 George V 30 March 1935 Louis II, Prince of Monaco 6 July 1935 Ludovico Chigi Albani della Rovere 20 February 1937 George VI 6 May 1939 Galeazzo Ciano 6 February 1945 Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis 6 February 1945 Edgar Erskine Hume 4 December 1945 Ellery W. Stone 30 March 1948 Alcide De Gasperi 30 March 1948 Carlo Sforza 18 February 1950 Rainier III, Prince of Monaco 11 June 1953 Luigi Einaudi 17 November 1953 Vincent Auriol 27 February 1954 Georges Bidault 27 February 1954 Joseph Laniel 24 May 1955 Giovanni Gronchi 1967 Josip Broz Tito 2006 René van der Linden 2014 Giorgio Napolitano 2015 Albert II, Prince of Monaco 2021 Sergio Mattarella 2022 Milo Đukanović 2022 Elizabeth II Prince Carlos, Duke of Parma
References
External links
Laws establishing and amending the statutes of the Order of San Marino Repubblica di San Marino