Ottoman rule and transition from Iranian to Russian rule (1804–1914)
1804: Russo-Persian War begins 1813 October 24: Treaty of Gulistan, Karabakh becomes part of the Russian Empire 1815: Lazaryan School opened in Moscow 1824 October 1: Nersisyan School opened in Tiflis 1825 December 14: Decembrist revolt in Saint Petersburg 1826: Russo-Persian War begins 1827 October 27: Russians capture Erivan 1828 February 21: Treaty of Turkmenchay, most of Eastern Armenia becomes part of the Russian Empire 1828–1829: Over 50,000 Armenians from Ottoman Empire and Iran migrate to Russian Armenia 1828 October 9: Khachatur Abovian and Friedrich Parrot reach the summit of Mount Ararat for the first time 1836: Polozhenie (Statute) decree allows Armenian language schools in the Russian Empire, regulates the Armenian church 1840: Armenian Oblast disintegrated 1848 April 14: Khachatur Abovian disappears 1850: Erivan Governorate established 1858: Wounds of Armenia published in Tiflis
Armenian national liberation movement 1862 August 2: Zeytun uprising 1863: Armenian National Constitution 1872: Mshak starts to be published in Tiflis 1874: Gevorkian Theological Seminary opened in Ejmiatsin 1878: Russo-Turkish War begins, Kars becomes part of Russia, Kars Oblast established 1878 March 3: Treaty of San Stefano 1878, June 13 – July 13: Congress of Berlin 1881 March 1: Alexander II of Russia assassinated by anarchists, Alexander III of Russia becomes emperor 1882: Armenian newspapers and schools closed in the Russian Empire 1885: Armenakan Party founded in Van 1887: Social Democrat Hunchakian Party founded in Geneva, Switzerland 1888 April 25: Raffi dies in Tiflis
Armed movement (1889–1907) 1889 May: Bashkale clash 1890: Armenian Revolutionary Federation founded in Tiflis 1890 September 27: Gugunian Expedition 1892: Mkrtich Khrimian becomes Catholicos of All Armenians 1894 October 20: Nicholas II becomes Emperor of Russia 1894: First Sasun Resistance 1894–1896: Hamidian massacres 1895 October: Zeitun Rebellion begins 1896 June 3–11: Defense of Van 1896 August 26: Ottoman Bank Takeover 1897 July 25–27: Khanasor Expedition 1901 November: Battle of Holy Apostles Monastery 1903 June 12: depriving the Armenian Church of the right of administering its own property 1904: Second Sasun Resistance 1905 January 22: Revolution of 1905 starts in Russia 1905–1906: Armenian–Tatar massacres of 1905–1906 1905 July 21: Yıldız assassination attempt in Constantinople 1906 March: 1906 Russian legislative election 1907 May: Battle of Sulukh with the Kurds, Kevork Chavush killed. 1907 October 27: Mkrtich Khrimian dies
Second Constitution Era (1908–1914) 1908 July 3: Young Turk Revolution began. 1908 July 24: Abdül Hamid II announced restoration of the constitution. 1909 March 31: 31 March Incident 1909 April: Adana massacre 1909 April 27: Abdul Hamid II deposed from power 1911: George V becomes Catholicos of All Armenians 1912 January: Over 150 members of the Armenian elite arrested for "revolutionary" activities in Russia. 1914 February: Armenian reform package
World War I and Armenian genocide (1914–1918)
1914 June 28: Gavrilo Princip assassinated the Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria in Sarajevo, Bosnia 1914 July 28: Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia, start of the Great War 1914 August 2: Germany attacks Belgium, declares war on Russia; Armenian congress at Erzurum 1914 November 1: Bergmann Offensive, the start of World War I in the Caucasus 1915 January 17: Russians capture Sarikamish 1915 January 18: Russians capture Ardahan 1915 March: Zeitun Resistance 1915 April 24: Hundreds of Armenian intellectuals deported from Constantinople into central Anatolia. 1915 April–May: Defense of Van (1915) 1915 May 27: Tehcir Law. The mass deportation of Ottoman Empire's Armenian population begins. 1915 June: Shabin-Karahisar uprising, Musa Dagh Resistance 1915 July 26: Russians capture Manzikert 1915 September–October: Urfa Resistance 1916 February: Russians capture Erzurum 1916 April 15: Russians capture Trebizond 1916 July: Russians capture Erzincan 1916 August: Russians capture Bitlis 1917 February 23: Russian Revolution begins, Russian forces start to retreat. 1917 November 7: Bolshevik rule established in Russia. 1917 December 5: Armistice of Erzincan between Bolshevik Russian and the Ottoman Empire. 1918 February: Turks recapture Erzurum 1918 March: Turks recapture Van 1918 March 3: Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Bolshevik Russia, Germany, Austria and the Ottoman Empire. 1918 April 25: Turks captures Kars 1918 May 26: Ottoman armies stopped at the Battle of Sardarabad.
First Republic of Armenia (1918–1920)
1918 May 28: Republic of Armenia declared by the Armenian National Council in Tiflis. 1918 June 4: Treaty of Batum 1918 October 30: Armistice of Mudros 1918 November 13: Allied Occupation of Constantinople begins. 1919 January; Republic of Armenia establishes de facto control over former Kars Oblast after the Ottomans retreat. 1919 January 29: Aram Manukian, the founder of the Republic of Armenia, dies in Yerevan. 1919 May 28: United Armenia proclaimed in Yerevan 1919 June 26: Treaty of Versailles 1919 July 5: Turkish Courts-Martial sentenced Talaat Pasha, Enver Pasha, Djemal Pasha Nazım Bey to death. 1920 May: May uprising 1920 August 10: Treaty of Sèvres 1920 September 29: Turks capture Sarikamish 1920 October 30: Turks capture Kars 1920 November 7: Turks capture Alexandropol 1920 November 22: US President Woodrow Wilson signs the arbitral award, establishing the border between Turkey and Armenia, Western Armenia de jure part of the Republic of Armenia. 1920 November 29: Soviet army invades Armenia, end of Armenian independence.
Soviet Armenia and the Armenian diaspora (1920–1991)
Interwar period (1920–1938) 1920 December 2: Treaty of Alexandropol 1921 February–April: February Uprising 1921 March 15: One of the three main Armenian genocide organizers, Talaat Pasha, killed by Soghomon Tehlirian in Berlin 1921 March 16: Treaty of Moscow 1921 July 13: Republic of Mountainous Armenia falls 1921 October 13: Treaty of Kars 1922 July 21: One of the three main Armenian genocide organizers, Djemal Pasha, killed by Armenian nationalists in Tiflis 1922 September: Great Fire of Smyrna 1923 March 23: Hovhannes Tumanyan dies in Moscow 1923 July 7: Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast established 1924 January 31: 1924 Soviet Constitution 1927 August 31: Andranik Ozanian dies in California 1930: Holy See of Cilicia moved to Lebanon 1931 August 27: 1931 Zangezur earthquake 1933 December 24: Archbishop Leon Tourian assassinated by ARF members in New York 1935 October 22: Komitas Vardapet dies in Paris 1936–1938: The Great Purge in Armenia, see Armenian victims of the Great Purge 1936 July 9: Armenian First Secretary Aghasi Khanjian killed by Lavrentiy Beria 1937 September 23: Grigory Arutinov becomes the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Armenia until 1953 1937 November 27: Yeghishe Charents dies in Yerevan prison
World War II (1939–1945) 1939 September 1: Germany invades Poland, World War II starts 1941 June 22: Germany invades the Soviet Union, Operation Barbarossa starts. An estimated 300 to 500,000 Armenians served in the war, almost half of whom did not return. 1941 August 23: Battle of Stalingrad begins 1945 April 30: Reichstag captured by the Soviet army, military defeat of the Third Reich 1945 May 9: Germany unconditionally surrenders
Cold War (1946–1987) 1949 April 4: NATO established 1953 March 5: Joseph Stalin dies 1953 September 14: Nikita Khrushchev becomes the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union 1954 March 11: Anastas Mikoyan calls for the rehabilitation of Charents in Yerevan, beginning the Khrushchev Thaw and de-Stalinization in Armenia 1955 May 14: Warsaw Pact established 1955 September 6–7: Istanbul pogrom 1955 December 21: Garegin Nzhdeh dies in Moscow 1956: Holy See of Cilicia breaks away from the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin 1957 October 17: Avetik Isahakyan dies in Yerevan 1958 September 2: Soviet MiG-17 pilots shot down a US Air Force C-130 aircraft over Soviet Armenia with 17 crewman aboard, after the aircraft inadvertently penetrated denied airspace. It crashed near the village of Sasnashen, 34 miles northwest of Yerevan.
1964: Leonid Brezhnev becomes leader of the Soviet Union, start of the Stagnation era 1965 April 24: Up to few hundred thousands of people demonstrate in Yerevan for the 50th anniversary of the Armenian genocide 1966 April 24: National United Party, a secret nationalist party, founded in Yerevan 1966: Anton Kochinyan becomes the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Armenia until 1974 1967 November 29: Tsitsernakaberd, the official Armenian genocide memorial opened in Yerevan 1971 June 17: Paruyr Sevak dies in Yerevan. 1972 May 5: Martiros Saryan dies in Yerevan. 1973 January 27: Kourken Yanigian assassinates Los Angeles Turkish consul general and vice-consul in Santa Barbara, California. 1974: Karen Demirchyan becomes the First secretary of the Communist Party of Armenia until 1988. 1975: Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia founded in Beirut, Lebanon. 1977 January 8: Moscow bombings, allegedly, by the National United Party. 1978 May 1: Aram Khachaturian dies in Moscow.
1981 March 21: Arpa-Sevan tunnel put into use. 1981 May 18: William Saroyan dies in Fresno, California 1981 September 24–25: Turkish consulate attack in Paris by ASALA 1982 August 7: Esenboğa International Airport attack by ASALA 1982 November 10: Brezhnev dies 1982 November 12: Yuri Andropov becomes General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union 1983 July 15: 1983 Orly Airport attack by ASALA 1983 July 27: Turkish embassy attack in Lisbon by the Armenian Revolutionary Army 1984 February 9: Andropov dies 1984 February 13: Konstantin Chernenko becomes General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union 1984 March 24: Hovhannes Shiraz dies in Yerevan 1984 May 3: Alfortville Armenian Genocide Memorial Bombing by Turkish nationalists 1985 March 10: Chernenko dies 1985 March 11: Mikhail Gorbachev becomes General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, era of perestroika and glasnost begin 1987 June 18: European Parliament recognizes the Armenian genocide, condemns the Turkish denial.
Karabakh conflict and independence of Armenia (1987–present)
1987 September: the Union for National Self-Determination, the first non-Communist party, founded in Yerevan by Paruyr Hayrikyan. 1987 October 18: A minor rally on Freedom Square, Yerevan for the unification of Karabakh with Armenia. 1988 February 12: First protests in Stepanakert. 1988 February 18–26: Major demonstrations held in Yerevan demanding the unification of Karabakh with Armenia. 1988 February 20: NKAO Supreme Council issued a request to transfer the region to Soviet Armenia. 1988 February 22–23: Local Armenians and Azerbaijanis clash in Askeran, resulting in several deaths. 1988 February 27–29: Sumgait pogrom starts, Armenians of Azerbaijani start to leave in large numbers 1988 March 9: Gorbachev meets with the leaders of Armenia and Azerbaijan Karen Demirchyan and Kamran Baghirov in Moscow to discuss the public demands of unification of Armenia and Karabakh. 1988 March 22: Over 100,000 people discontented with the tendencies demonstrate in Yerevan. 1988 March 23: The Soviet Supreme Soviet rejects the demand of NKAO Regional Party. On March 25 Gorbachev rejects Armenian claims, forbade demonstrations in Yerevan. 1988 March 26: Despite not being authorized by the Moscow government, tens of thousands demonstrate in Yerevan. 1988 March 30: NKAO Communist Party adopts a resolution demanding unification. 1988 May 21: Karen Demirchyan resigns. 1988 May 28: Flag of Armenia first raised in front of Matenadaran. 1988 June 15: Soviet Armenian Supreme Council votes in favor of the unification of NKAO.