SMS was an aviso of the German (Imperial Navy) built in the early 1880s. She was the lead ship of her class, which included one other vessel, . Her primary offensive armament consisted of a bow-mounted torpedo tube, and she was armed with a battery of light guns to defend herself against torpedo boats, a sign of the growing importance of torpedoes as effective weapons in the period. The class featured a number of innovations in German warship design: they were the first steel hulled warships and the first cruiser-type ships to discard traditional sailing rigs.
For much of her career, served as a flotilla leader for groups of torpedo boats. In the 1880s, these duties included conducting demonstrations of torpedo boat capabilities under the direction of Alfred von Tirpitz, then the head of torpedo development in the German Navy, who frequently used as his flagship. She also made numerous trips abroad, including several occasions escorting members of the House of Hohenzollern on visits to Britain, Russia, and elsewhere. By the 1890s, she began to be used in a variety of secondary roles in addition to her normal duties, including as a fisheries protection vessel, a training ship, and a tender. She began to operate as a dedicated tender for various units in the German fleet in the early 1900s.
The ship's activities during World War I are unclear, with one historian stating she was employed as a coastal defense vessel until 1915 and then as a tender until the end of the war in 1918, and another trio of historians who state that she remained in service as a tender for the fleet's battleships through 1917, took part in Operation Albion in the Baltic Sea in October 1917, and was slated to participate in Operation Schlußstein, the occupation of St. Petersburg, Russia in August 1918 before the operation was cancelled. was struck from the naval register in March 1921 and subsequently broken up.
Design
Designed in 1879, the s marked a significant advance in naval technology for the German fleet; they were the first steel-hulled vessels, and they were the first cruiser-type vessels to abandon traditional sailing masts. Their armament—a torpedo tube and a battery of light guns—reflected the growing importance of the torpedo as a weapon, since the guns were necessary to defend against the increasingly powerful torpedo boats of the period.
was long overall and had a beam of and a maximum draft of forward. She displaced as designed and up to at full combat load. She and her sister ship were the first steel-hulled warships of the German fleet. had a crew of 7 officers and 127 enlisted men.
Her propulsion system consisted of two horizontal 2-cylinder double expansion engines. Steam for the engines was provided by eight coal-fired locomotive boilers. The ship's propulsion system was rated for and provided a top speed of and a range of approximately at .
As built, the ship was armed with one K L/23 gun placed in a pivot mount. The gun was supplied with 100 rounds of ammunition. The ship was also equipped with four K L/23 guns, also in single pivot mounts and one torpedo tube mounted in the bow. In 1892–1893, the ship was rearmed with six SK L/30 pattern quick-firing guns in single mounts and three 35 cm torpedo tubes, one in the bow and one on each broadside, all submerged in the hull. She carried no armor protection.
Service history Construction – 1887
was laid down at the (North German Shipbuilding Company) shipyard in Kiel in mid-1881 under the contract name "D". She was launched on 26 August 1882 and commissioned on 28 March 1883 to begin sea trials. Initial testing lasted until 30 April and design defects that were discovered during the trials necessitated corrections at the shipyard. A second round of trials were held between 24 July and 15 December, after which she was decommissioned. The ship was recommissioned on 22 April 1884 and assigned to the armored division to serve as the unit's aviso. The ships conducted training maneuvers in the North and Baltic Seas that year, and from 20 to 24 December, they visited Frederikshavn, Denmark during a cruise through the Kattegat and Skagerrak for a test of torpedo boat endurance.
The ship spent the first half on 1885 as the aviso for the fleet's ironclads, but beginning on 21 July, she joined the torpedo boat flotillas, serving as the flagship of I Torpedo-boat Division; the ship's commander, (KL—Captain Lieutenant) Hugo Zeye also served as the divisional commander. From 6 to 22 August, led the division on a cruise to Trondheim, Norway as another demonstration of torpedo boats' ability to operate at sea. During the summer maneuvers in August and September, she led her torpedo boats with an armored warship division composed of , , and , and an unarmored division that comprised three old sail corvettes and . At the time, Alfred von Tirpitz, the future architect of the High Seas Fleet, was the Deputy for Torpedo Matters for the (Imperial Admiralty), and he directed the exercises conducted by the torpedo flotillas. He used as his flagship during this period. Starting in March 1886, Tirpitz led the flotilla on training exercises that lasted until July. Thereafter, and her accompanying torpedo boats joined the annual fleet maneuvers as III Division.
Following the conclusion of the maneuvers in September, and the flotilla visited Christiana, Norway. On the way back, accidentally rammed the British steamer Oakland on 10 September; she was able to rescue only two crewmen from Oakland before she sank. suffered minor damage, which necessitated repairs in Kiel. After repairs were completed, she joined the fleet for maneuvers that lasted until 23 September. She was decommissioned on 27 October for the winter and returned to service on 4 May 1886. She again served as the flagship of the torpedo boat flotilla for the year, which concluded with the annual autumn maneuvers in September. She was again withdrawn from service on 4 October in Kiel.
was recommissioned on 27 April 1887, again with Tirpitz aboard. She was present for the ceremonial start of construction of the Kaiser Wilhelm Canal in Kiel, after which she steamed around Denmark to Wilhelmshaven. There, she embarked Princes Wilhelm and Heinrich and took them to Britain for the Golden Jubilee of their grandmother Queen Victoria on 20 June. and the torpedo boats made a favorable impression on observers at the Cowes Regatta, though Wilhelm's complaints about the British doctor treating his terminally-ill father Kaiser Friedrich III achieved the opposite effect for the soon-to-be kaiser. and the torpedo boats left Britain on 26 June and arrived in Kiel two days later. Training exercises were then held in the Baltic and North Seas, during which and the torpedo boats formed IV Division, and on 28 September she was decommissioned.
1888–1899
The year 1888 followed the same routine of training exercises in previous years, though now she operated with III Flotilla. In July, she accompanied the fleet that the newly crowned Kaiser Wilhelm II on a state visit to Tsar Alexander III of Russia from 14 to 31 July. The voyage also included stops in Sweden and Denmark. During the August–September fleet maneuvers, she led the fourteen torpedo boats of III Flotilla as part of a squadron defending Wilhelmshaven from a simulated hostile squadron; she led the torpedo boats in a mock attack on the fleet. was decommissioned in late September; the outbreak of the Abushiri revolt in German East Africa prompted the navy to consider sending to join the East Africa Squadron, but the proposal was abandoned. She remained in German waters in 1889, conducting training maneuvers with the torpedo boats in July and escorting Wilhelm II on a voyage to Britain in mid-September. She was present for a torpedo demonstration that involved the sinking of the old gunboat .
The year 1890 passed without incident; escorted Wilhelm II on a visit to Norway and she was present for the ceremonial transfer of the island of Helgoland from British to German control (by way of the Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty). The year's fleet maneuvers that August–September followed a similar arrangement to the previous year's, with and the torpedo boats defending Germany's Baltic coast against a simulated Russian blockade. During the 1891 training year, the torpedo-boat flotilla was joined by the Training Squadron for exercises. was used to train boiler room personnel in 1892, and over the winter of 1892–1893, the ship was modernized with new quick-firing guns. Her conning tower and chart house were relocated, along with other alterations to the ship. She was recommissioned on 1 July 1893, and from 17 to 24 July she accompanied the Kaiser's yacht on a cruise to Gotland, followed immediately by another visit to the Cowes Regatta from 27 July to 10 August. She was decommissioned on arrival in Kiel on 18 August.
initially served as a training ship for boiler room crews in 1894, and beginning on 18 April she became the flotilla leader for I Flotilla. During a night attack practice in late July, and the torpedo boat accidentally collided and had to tow the torpedo boat back to port. During the 1894 maneuvers, which postulated a two-front war against France and Russia, remained in the Baltic to defend against the simulated Russian attack. The next year followed the same pattern and passed without incident until August, when she was relieved as the flotilla leader by . thereafter served as the tender for the artillery training ship for the rest of 1895. In 1896, the ship served as a flotilla leader and later as a dispatch boat for the corvette , which served as the fleet flagship during training exercises that year. She was present for the naval review held for Tsar Nicholas II of Russia during his visit to Kiel that August.
The ship served as a tender for the pre-dreadnought battleship , the flagship of I Squadron in 1897. During the summer maneuvers that year, and served in the simulated hostile squadron. She spent most of 1898 as a training vessel, though she was briefly used as a squadron tender. The ship was assigned to the Naval Artillery Inspectorate and was used to train auto-cannon crews from February to April 1899. Beginning on 16 September, she was employed as a fishery protection vessel, along with the old aviso . During this period, she patrolled off the mouth of the Humber, the Dogger Bank, and in the southern North Sea. She returned to Kiel on 26 November and thereafter reverted to the Naval Artillery Inspectorate.
1900–1921
She performed fishery protection duties in 1900 until 14 April, when she returned to the torpedo boat flotillas. During training maneuvers on 10 May, the torpedo boat struck and seriously damaged her rudder, forcing her to go to the (Imperial Shipyard) in Kiel for repairs. She served as a scout for the Maneuver Fleet during the autumn exercises that lasted from 15 August to 15 September. She operated as part of the simulated German fleet under the command of Admiral Wilhelm Büchsel Following the conclusion of the exercises, she was decommissioned in Kiel on 22 September. She was moved to the in Danzig for a thorough overhaul that included the installation of new boilers; work lasted until early 1903. She was recommissioned on 25 April, thereafter joining the fleet's scouting unit on 2 May. She steamed with the fleet on a major training cruise into the Atlantic in July and August, during which she was used as a dispatch boat and a squadron tender. Beginning on 25 September, she became a tender for the fleet's battleships, a role she filled for the next fifteen years. She initially served with the fleet flagship, .