Caylor is a surname of Scottish origin. It is a variant of Keillor. Notable people with the surname include:
Dulcy Caylor (born 2007), American artistic gymnast Lowell Caylor, American football player O. P. Caylor (1849–1897), American baseball columnist, executive, and manager Rose Caylor (1898–1979), Russian-American screenwriter, playwright, actress, and journalist
See also Caylor, Virginia, an unincorporated community in Lee County
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