This list of locations with a subtropical climate specifically lists locations considered within the subtropics. The subtropics are geographic and climate zones located roughly between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn and the 40th parallel in both hemispheres. Subtropical climate regions can exist at high elevations within the tropics, such as across the Mexican Plateau and the Ethiopian Highlands and in Da Lat of the Vietnamese Central Highlands. These regions can also exist beyond 45 degrees poleward due to maritime influences on the NW European and Argentinian coasts, according to Trewartha.
Six climate classifications utilise the term to help define the various temperature and precipitation regions for the planet Earth. Using the Trewartha climate classification eight or more months of the year within the subtropics have an average temperature at or above . The Köppen climate classification instead classifies the warmest month above and the coldest above or depending on preference. Under both classifications, at least one month must average below or the climate is considered tropical.
Leslie Holdridge defined the subtropical climates as having a mean annual biotemperature between the frost line or critical temperature line, 16 °C to 18 °C (depending on locations in the world) and 24 °C.LIFE ZONE ECOLOGY by L. R. Holdridge The frost line separates the warm temperate region from the subtropical region. It represents the dividing line between two major physiological groups of evolved plants. On the warmer side of the line, the majority of the plants are sensitive to low temperatures. They can be killed back by frosts as they have not evolved to withstand periods of cold. On the colder temperate side of the line, the total flora is adapted to survive periods of variable length of low temperatures, whether as seeds in the case of the annuals or as perennial plants which can withstand the cold. The [16 °C-18 °C] segment is often "simplified" as 17 °C (= 2(log212+0;5) ≈ 16.97 °C).The climate of Carpathian Region in the 20th century based on the original and modified Holdridge life zone system
The Holdridge subtropical climates straddle more or less the warmest subtropical climates and the less warm tropical climates as defined by the Köppen-Geiger or Trewartha climate classifications.
However Wladimir Köppen has distinguished the hot or subtropical and tropical (semi-)arid climates (BWh or BSh) having an average annual temperature greater than or equal to from the cold or temperate (semi-)arid climates (BWk or BSk) whose annual temperature average is lower. This definition, though restricted to dry regions, is almost similar to Holdridge's.
A great portion of the world's deserts are located within the subtropics, due to the development of the subtropical ridge. Within the humid monsoon regions in the subtropics such as Northern Vietnam (including Hanoi), a wet season is seen annually during the summer, which is when most of the yearly rainfall falls. Within the Mediterranean climate region, the wet season occurs during the winter. Areas bordering warm oceans are prone to locally heavy rainfall from tropical cyclones, which can contribute a significant percentage of the annual rainfall. Plants such as date palms, citrus, mango, litchi, and avocado are grown within the subtropical zones.
This is not a complete list and is not intended to be one. Many of the higher mountains at tropical latitudes have sparsely (if at all) inhabited areas with a subtropical climate.
Africa Only in Trewartha's classification. Which borders on a fully tropical climate.
Algeria: Algiers, Oran, Tamanrasset Angola: Cuíto, Huambo, Lubango, Luena, Menongue, Moçâmedes Botswana: Francistown, Gaborone, Maun Cameroon: Ndu Cape Verde: Achada Furna, Chã das Caldeiras Chad: Tibesti Mountains Democratic Republic of the Congo: Kolwezi, Likasi, Lubumbashi Djibouti: Airolaf Egypt: Alexandria, Aswan, Cairo Eritrea: Asmara, Keren, Nakfa Eswatini: Mbabane Ethiopia: Addis Ababa, Bahir Dar, Jijiga Kenya: Eldoret, Nairobi, Nakuru Lesotho: Maseru Libya: Al Jawf, Bayda, Benghazi, Sabha, Tripoli Madagascar: Antananarivo, Antsirabe, Fianarantsoa Malawi: Dedza, Lilongwe Mali: Taoudenni Mauritania: Zouérat Mauritius: Piton de la Petite Rivière Noire Morocco: Casablanca, Essaouira, Fez, Marrakesh, Meknes, Rabat, Tangier Mozambique: Lichinga Namibia: Keetmanshoop, Lüderitz, Swakopmund, Walvis Bay, Windhoek Niger: Aïr Mountains Réunion: Interior (beaches are tropical) São Tomé and Príncipe: Pico de São Tomé Somalia: Erigavo Somaliland: Hargeisa South Africa: most of including Bloemfontein, Cape Town, Durban, East London, George, Johannesburg, Kimberley, Musina, Pietermaritzburg, Port Elizabeth, and Pretoria. South Sudan: Imatong Mountains (highest areas only) Tanzania: Arusha, Mbeya, Tunisia: Medenine, Tunis Uganda: Kabale Western Sahara: Laayoune Zambia: Livingstone, Lusaka, Ndola Zimbabwe: Bulawayo, Harare, Marondera Islands of the European Union around the Atlantic coast of NW Africa: Canary Islands, Spain: Central El Hierro; Fuerteventura; Lanzarote; San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife; Santa Cruz de La Palma Madeira archipelago, Portugal Ceuta, Melilla, and Plazas de soberanía, Spain. Pantelleria and the Pelagian Islands, Italy British islands in the South Atlantic: Saint Helena: Longwood Tristan da Cunha archipelago
Asia Only in Trewartha's classification. Which borders on a fully tropical climate. Borderline.
Afghanistan: Herat, Jalalabad, Kandahar, Khost, Kunduz, Lashkargah, Mazar-i-Sharif Akrotiri and Dhekelia Azerbaijan: Astara, Baku, Lankaran, Mingachevir, Şirvan Bahrain: Manama Bangladesh: Dinajpur, Rangpur City, Saidpur Bhutan: Thimphu Brunei: Pagon Hill Cambodia: Cardamom Mountains China: Beiliu, Changsha, Chengdu, Chongqing, Dongguan, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Guilin, Guiyang, Hangzhou, Hefei, Kunming, Nanjing, Nanning, Ningbo, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Suzhou, Turpan, Wuhan, Xiamen, Yancheng, Yangzhou, Zhengzhou Cyprus: Ayia Napa, Larnaca, Limassol, Nicosia Egypt: Sinai Peninsula Georgia: Batumi, Kutaisi, Sokhumi (capital of Abkhazia), Zugdidi Greece: Chios, Dodecanese Islands, Lesbos Hong Kong: Kowloon, Wan Chai India: Agartala, Agra, Aizawl, Allahabad, Amritsar, Bhopal, Cardamom Hills, Chandigarh, Dehradun, Delhi, Dhanbad, Dimapur, Faridabad, Gangtok, Ghaziabad, Guwahati, Imphal, Itanagar, Jaipur, Jammu, Kanpur, Kodaikanal, Kohima, Lucknow, Ludhiana, Meerut, Ooty, Patna, Ranchi, Shillong, Shimla, and Varanasi. Indonesia: Batu, Barisan Mountains, Bromo Tengger Semeru, Dieng Plateau, Puncak pass Iran: Abadan, Ahvaz, Bandar Abbas, Bandar-e Anzali, Birjand, Bushehr, Dezful, Gorgan, Ilam, Isfahan, Kashan, Kerman, Khorramabad, Qom, Rasht, Sabzevar, Sari, Saveh, Semnan, Shiraz, Sirjan, lower elevations of Tehran, Yazd, Zahedan Iraq: Baghdad, Basra, Erbil, Mosul, Sulaymaniyah Israel: Eilat, Haifa, Jerusalem, Tel Aviv Japan: Bonin Islands, Fukuoka, Hiroshima, Izu Islands, Jōetsu, Kanazawa, Kumagaya, Kyoto, Maebashi, Matsuyama, Nagasaki, Nagoya, Naha, Nasushiobara, Niigata, Okayama, Osaka, Sado, Tokyo, Yamaguchi, Yokohama. Jordan: Amman, Petra Kuwait: Kuwait City Laos: Phongsali, Phonsavan Lebanon: Beirut, Tripoli Macau: Coloane, Taipa Malaysia: Brinchang, Cameron Highlands, Genting Highlands Myanmar: Hakha, Lashio, Mogok, Putao Town, Tamu, Taunggyi Nepal: Kathmandu, Pokhara Northern Cyprus: North Nicosia Oman: Saiq Pakistan: most of (except for tropical Arabian Sea coast) including Faisalabad, Hyderabad, Islamabad, Lahore, Mardan, Multan, Muzaffarabad, Peshawar, and Quetta. Palestinian territories: East Jerusalem, Gaza City, Nablus Philippines: Atok, Baguio , Balbalan, La Trinidad Qatar: Doha Saudi Arabia: Dammam, Dhahran, Hofuf, Jubail, Medina, Riyadh, Tabuk South Korea: Busan, Changwon, Geochagundo, Geoje, Jeju, Tongyeong, Ulsan, Yeosu Sri Lanka: Nuwara Eliya Syria: Aleppo, Damascus, Homs, Latakia, Raqqa Taiwan: Chiayi, Hsinchu, Penghu (disputed with China), Taichung, Tainan, Taipei Tajikistan: Bokhtar, Dushanbe, Kulob Turkey: Adana, Antakya, Antalya, Batman, Bursa, Çanakkale, Gaziantep, İnebolu, İskenderun, Istanbul (also in Europe), İzmir, Mersin, Samsun, Sinop, Tekirdağ (Europe), Trabzon, Urfa Turkmenistan: Ashgabat, Balkanabat, Kerki, Mary, Türkmenabat United Arab Emirates: Sharjah Uzbekistan: Bukhara, Namangan, Navoiy, Qarshi, Tashkent, Termez Vietnam: Da Lat, Haiphong, Hanoi, Sa Pa Yemen: Hajjah, Kawkaban, Sana
Americas Only in Trewartha's classification. Borderline. Borderline only in Trewartha's classification. Which borders on a fully tropical climate.
Argentina: Extreme north to coastal Chubut Province including Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Comodoro Rivadavia, Córdoba, Corrientes, La Plata, Mar del Plata, Mendoza, Neuquén, Pinamar, Rawson, Resistencia, Rosario, Salta, San Miguel de Tucumán, Santa Fe and Viedma Bermuda Bolivia: Cochabamba, lower elevations of La Paz, Sucre, Tarija Brazil: Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, and parts of Mato Grosso do Sul and São Paulo states including the city of São Paulo. Also Petrópolis and Teresópolis in Rio de Janeiro State and highlands of Minas Gerais including Juiz de Fora and Três Corações. Chile: North of 40°S including Antofagasta, Arica, Concepción, Copiapó, Iquique, Juan Fernández Islands, Linares, Rancagua, Santiago, Talca, Temuco, Valdivia, and Valparaíso. Colombia: Bogotá, Manizales, Pasto, Tunja Costa Rica: Mount Chirripó Dominican Republic: Constanza Ecuador: Ambato, Cuenca, Ibarra, Latacunga, Quito, Riobamba El Salvador: Cerro El Pital Guatemala: Antigua Guatemala, Cobán, Fraijanes, Quetzaltenango Haiti: Kenscoff Honduras: La Esperanza, Santa Rosa de Copán, Siguatepeque Jamaica: Blue Mountains Mexico: Almost all of the northern part (Culiacán and Los Cabos are tropical) and some other highland areas including the Mexican Plateau. Major cities include Aguascalientes City, Chihuahua, Ciudad Juárez, Guadalajara, Hermosillo, León, Matamoros, Mexicali, Mexico City, Monterrey, Puebla, Querétaro City, Reynosa, San Luis Potosí City, Tijuana, Torreón, and Zapopan. Also Ciudad Constitución, Ciudad Victoria, Durango City, Ensenada, Guadalupe Island, Guanajuato City, La Paz, Morelia, Pachuca, Rosarito, Saltillo, Tepic, Tlaxcala City, Toluca, Xalapa, and Zacatecas City. Nicaragua: Mogotón Panama: Cerro Punta Paraguay: southern areas including Asunción, Ciudad del Este and Encarnación Peru: Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Chachapoyas, Cusco, Lima, Trujillo United States: East Coast from the southern Delmarva Peninsula to Florida (but not including tropical South Florida, Everglades, and the Florida Keys), Gulf Coast, parts of the inland South and Southwest, and the West Coast from San Diego to northern California and coastal southern Oregon. Major cities: Atlanta; Austin; Bakersfield, CA; Baltimore;Birmingham; Charleston, SC; Charlotte; Dallas; El Paso; Fresno, CA; Greensboro, NC; Greenville, SC; Houston; Jacksonville; Knoxville, TN; Las Vegas; Little Rock, AR; Los Angeles; Memphis; Nashville; New Orleans; Norfolk; Oklahoma City; Orlando; Phoenix; Raleigh; Richmond, VA; Riverside, CA; Sacramento; San Antonio; San Diego; San Francisco; San Jose; Savannah, GA; Tampa; Tucson; Tulsa; Virginia Beach. Washington, D.C.. The humid subtropical zone of the US South according to Trewartha is coloured yellow-green on this map: If using the Köppen climate classification with the 0 °C coldest-month isotherm, the subtropics extend from Martha's Vineyard, extreme SW Rhode Island, and most of Long Island to central Florida in the eastern states, include the southern tier of the Midwest, and extend as far north as the Columbia Valley of SE Washington in the inland west. Under this definition Boise, Cincinnati, Denver, Harrisburg, and St. Louis are borderline and Walla Walla, Washington is Csa, but the Pacific coastline is Csb. Uruguay: All Venezuela: Mucuchíes
Europe Only in Trewartha's classification. Borderline. Borderline only in Trewartha's classification.