The academic dress of Chulalongkorn University () in Thailand is a long-sleeved gown made from light mesh, faced and bordered with a specially designed felt strip. The same strip is also attached to elbows and wrists. The gown itself is adapted from the ceremonial attire called khrui, traditionally worn by government executives and peers to reflect their status. The gown and the academic badge were devised during Prajadhipok's reign.Royal Society of Thailand. '"Khrui"' in Thai Encyclopedia Vol 5. 1962 (in Thai)
The gown is open-front and calf-length, resembling the dress used in the United Kingdom, but without hood and cap. Yoke is not gathered or pleated; and sleeves are not loose. Degree and status of the wearer are reflected by colour of the felt strip. The colour scheme is similar to one used in many universities in the United Kingdom, such as the University of Oxford, University of Bristol and University of Manchester.
To comply with regulations and due to its transparency, the gown must be worn over an official or formal dress. (University Regulation on usage conditions for academic dress and badge, 2010) Since its invention, many Thai universities adopted the similar gown but with different patterns for their graduates.
History Since the establishment of Chulalongkorn Civil Service College in 1899, there was no symbol marking the graduation of students. In 1914, Vajiravudh ordered the academic badge to be designed. Graduates and school employees may pin the badge on the left chest, just like wearing the academic gown.ราชกิจจานุเบกษา, พระราชกำหนดเข็มโรงเรียนข้าราชการพลเรือน, เล่ม ๓๑, ตอน ๐ ก, ๑๗ พฤษภาคม พ.ศ. ๒๔๕๗, หน้า ๑๒๙ (Royal Decree on Academic Badge for Chulalongkorn Civil Service College, 1914) The gown, however, was not yet designed since Chulalongkorn's Civil Service College was unable to confer the bachelor's degree or beyond; only a diploma was issued to graduates.
As the college gained the university status in 1917, its academics were rapidly enhanced to the extent that it began granting degrees in 1928.CU's Evolution , Chulalongkorn University Memorial Hall (in Thai). The idea of a well-designed and respectable academic dress was raised.New Students' Manual, Chulalongkorn University, pp.29-31 At that time, the use of khrui was strictly limited that it can only be worn by pre-ordained monks, royal family members and government ministers.ราชกิจจานุเบกษา, พระราชกำหนดเสื้อครุย ร.ศ.๑๓๐, เล่ม ๓๑, หน้า ๑๒๙-๑๓๑ (Suea Khrui Act 1911) Due to the restriction, the university asked Prajadhipok for the permission to use the traditional gown. The university also discussed the most suitable pattern of dress and the corresponding regulation with the ministers for education and justice. Finally, the king asked that the discussion must be made among ministers and himself. This resulted in the introduction of the present design in 1930.First Graduation Ceremony in Thailand , Chulalongkorn University Memorial Hall (in Thai)ราชกิจจานุเบกษา, พระราชกำหนดเสื้อครุยบัณฑิตของจุฬาลงกรณมหาวิทยาลัย พ.ศ.๒๔๗๓, เล่ม ๔๗ หน้า ๙๒-๙๖ (Academic dress act 1930)
For bachelors and masters, the gowns are decorated with a black felt strip. These resemble black BA and MA gowns used by Oxford, Cambridge and many British universities. Black, according to the Thai astrology, also symbolizes Saturday, Vajiravudh's birthday. Doctor's gown are faced with a scarlet strip, which is similar to the colour of Oxford's full-dress doctoral gown. Scarlet also represents Chulalongkorn's birthday. Despite similar colour schemes, shapes of the British and Thai gowns are completely different. Thai gown tends to be simpler. The sleeves are as long as wrist and cylindrical in shape for all degrees and statuses. The colours apply only to the strip, not to the whole gown. There is no special gown for graduates honoris causa. Doctorates, whether honorary or earned, wear the same gown. British gown, on the other hand, has more sophisticated features. These include a gathered or pleated yoke, a flap collar, different sleeve styles for different degrees, various types of hood, and headgear. British and commonwealth universities often have a distinctively designed gown for honorary graduates, which are often different from that for PhDs.
Another distinctive design with a light yellow facing is reserved for King of Thailand, who is the university's official visitor. In 1980, another kind of academic dress for lecturers and university council members was designed in similar pattern to the graduates, but faced and bordered with pink felt.ราชกิจจานุเบกษา, พระราชกฤษฎีกาว่าด้วยปริญญาในสาขาวิชา อักษรย่อสำหรับสาขาวิชา ครุยประจำตำแหน่ง ครุยวิทยฐานะ และเข็มวิทยฐานะ ของจุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย พ.ศ.๒๕๒๓, เล่ม ๙๗, ตอน ๑๐๕, ๙ กรกฎาคม ๒๕๒๓, หน้า ๑ - ๘ (Regulation on degree granted, degree acronyms, academic dress and badge, 1980)ราชกิจจานุเบกษา, ประกาศจุฬาฯ ว่าด้วยการกำหนดปริญญาในสาขาวิชา อักษรย่อสำหรับสาขาวิชา ครุยวิทยฐานะ เข็มวิทยฐานะ และครุยประจำตำแหน่ง พ.ศ.๒๕๕๓, เล่ม ๑๒๗, ตอนพิเศษ ๕๒ ง, ๒๖ เมษายน ๒๕๕๓, หน้า ๒๐ - ๒๔ (Regulation on degree granted, degree acronyms, academic dress, academic badge and faculty dress, 2010)
Specification Academic dress consists of a long-sleeved gown, faced and bordered with 10 cm-wide felt strip, decorated with golden brocade. The elbow and wrist is wrapped with the same strip. For the king's gown, the yellow facing is used and 5 cm-wide brocade is attached centrally. Two more 1 cm brocade strips are added to both sides of the felt strip. Silver Phra Kiao badges are pinned to the breast portion of the felt strip.
For those who are admitted to the doctoral degree, a gown with scarlet facing is used. Two 1 cm brocade strips are added to the outer edges of the felt strip. 0.75 cm blank, 0.5 cm tape, 0.75 cm blank and 1 cm tape are stitched in respective order from outer tapes to the centre. A felt coloured band is attached to the centre of the felt strip, corresponding to the faculty (not to the degree granted). If the degree is awarded in the name of the whole university rather than the faculty, the pink band is stitched. This also applies when the faculty does not have its colour. Similar to the king's gown, silver badges are pinned at the chest level. The master's gown is similar to the doctor's gown, but a red felt strip is replaced by the black one. For bachelors, the gown is similar to that for masters but the coloured band is replaced by yarn of the same colour.
For academics, the gown is bordered and faced with a pink felt strip decorated and arranged in a similar manner to graduates, centred with a golden yarn. Noticeably, a BA/BSc/BEcon gown for the faculty of economics and a lecturer's gown are similar in pattern; the only difference is the facing colour. Members of the university council use the same gown as lecturers, but the gold badges are used instead of silver ones.
In 2021, another gown was created for deputy vice-chancellor, assistants to the vice-chancellor, deans, directors and other executives of the university. The pattern is similar to that for members of the council but with smaller badges (about two-third of the original size).ราชกิจจานุเบกษา, ประกาศจุฬาฯ เรื่อง ลักษณะครุยวิทยฐานะ เข็มวิทยฐานะ และครุยประจำตำแหน่ง พ.ศ.๒๕๖๔, เล่ม ๑๓๙ ตอนพิเศษ ๕ ง, ๘ มกราคม ๒๕๖๕ (University ordinance on academic dress, academic badge and official dress 2021)
Chancellor and chair of the university council,In Thailand, chair of the university council is the ceremonial head of the university. He/she also leads the university council/board of trustees; approves or rejects ordinances; and gives advice to the university president/vice-chancellor. Being the ceremonial head, he/she is also the chancellor of the university. and president/vice-chancellor use the same gown as council members, but a gold chain of the specified pattern is hung between the two badges.
Gowns of similar but different patterns have been adopted by other Thai universities. For example, King Mongkut's Universities of Technology, (KMUTT's ordinance on academic gowns and badges, 2001) Mae Fah Luang University, (Mae Fah Luang University's specification on officer's dress, academic dress and academic badge, 2003) Khon Kaen University,ราชกิจจานุเบกษา, ประกาศ มข. เรื่อง ครุย เข็มวิทยฐานะ และครุยประจำตำแหน่ง ฯ พ.ศ.๒๕๖๐, เล่ม ๑๓๔ ตอนพิเศษ ๑๓๔ ง, หน้า ๓๙-๔๐ (Khon Kaen University's regulation on academic gown and badge, 2017) Naresuan University,ราชกิจจานุเบกษา, พรฎ ว่าด้วยปริญญา อักษรย่อ ครุย เข็มวิทยฐานะ และครุยประจำตำแหน่งฯ ของ มน. พ.ศ.๒๕๕๐, เล่ม ๑๒๔ ตอนที่ ๑๐๒ ก, หน้า ๑๒ (Naresuan University Phitsanulok's ordinance on academic degrees, gown and badge, 2007) all Rajamangala Universities of TechnologyFor example, see ราชกิจจานุเบกษา, พรฎ.ว่าด้วยปริญญาฯ ของ มทร.ล้านนา พ.ศ. ๒๕๕๔, เล่ม ๑๒๘ ตอนที่ ๔๘ ก, หน้า ๒๖-๓๒ (Act on Academic Degrees and Gowns for Rajamangala University of Technology, Lanna at Chiang Mai, 2011) and some Rajabhat Universities.For example, Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University: It is notable that almost all adaptations do not vary the colour of gown or its facing. Instead, three stripes are added to the arms or elbows of a PhD gown, just like three velvet chevrons on an American doctoral gown. As a deviation from the original traditions, two and one stripes are for master and bachelor respectively.
Following figures depict few examples of felt strips used to face and bind the academic dress used by the university.
Visitor
Officers
Graduates
Faculty colours and acronyms A coloured band or yarn is stitched longitudinally to the centre of the felt strip, corresponding to the degree granting faculty. If the faculty does not have its specific colour or the degree is centrally awarded by the university (e.g. Doctor of the University), the colour shall be pink, the university colour. As an example, an MRes/MSc graduate from engineering uses firebrick, while yellow is used to denote science. Prior to 2026, the university simply used verbal descriptions for colours. As the number of disciplines grow, there are variations across robemakers and even the university departments. To solve the problem, the university recently define colours in terms of proprietary Pantone code.
The faculty colours of the university are listed below. (University By-law on Academic Dress, Badge and Officer's Dress, 2021) (Amendment to the University By-law on Academic Dress, Badge and Officer's Dress, 2026)