Monosperma is a genus of flowering plants in the family Eriocaulaceae. It includes 23 species native to northern Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela.
Monosperma was first described as a subgenus of Paepalanthus by Nancy Hensold in 1991. In 2023 Caroline Oliveira Andrino determined that Paepalanthus as then circumscribed was polyphyletic, and described Monosperma as a full genus.
Species 23 species are accepted. Monosperma apacarense Monosperma auyantepuiense Monosperma cardonae Monosperma chimantense Monosperma convexum Monosperma cumbricola Monosperma fraternum Monosperma fulgidum Monosperma gleasonii Monosperma holstii Monosperma kunhardtii Monosperma major Monosperma phelpsiae Monosperma roraimense Monosperma schomburgkii Monosperma scopulorum Monosperma septentrionale Monosperma squamuliferum Monosperma stegolepoides Monosperma subcaulescens Monosperma sulcatum Monosperma turbinatum Monosperma venustum
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