Vaillant is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Artists of the Dutch Golden Age Andries Vaillant (1655–1693), engraver and painter Bernard Vaillant (1632–1698), painter Jacques Vaillant (1643–1691), painter Jan Vaillant (1627–1668), painter Wallerant Vaillant (1623–1667), painter
Politics Auguste Vaillant (1861–1894), French anarchist Cornelis Vaillant (1781–1849), Dutch judge and governor of Suriname Daniel Vaillant (born 1949), French socialist politician Édouard Vaillant (1840–1915), prominent French socialist
Science and medicine François Le Vaillant (1753–1824), French explorer and ornithologist George Clapp Vaillant (1901–1945), American anthropologist George Eman Vaillant (born 1934), American psychiatrist Léon Vaillant (1834–1914), French zoologist Louis Vaillant (1876–1963), French doctor, naturalist, explorer and soldier Sébastien Vaillant (1669–1722), French botanist
Other André Vaillant (1890–1977), French linguist and Slavist Auguste-Nicolas Vaillant (1793–1858), French naval officer François Vaillant de Gueslis (1646–1718), French Jesuit missionary George Clapp Vaillant (1901–1945), American anthropologist Greta Vaillant (1942–2000), French actress Jean Alexandre Vaillant (1804–1886), French and Romanian historian and schoolteacher Jean-Baptiste Philibert Vaillant (1790–1872), French soldier Jehan Vaillant (fl. 1360–1390), French composer Johann Vaillant (1851–1920) German coppersmith, founder of the Vaillant Group John Vaillant (born 1962), American writer and journalist Marguerite Vaillant (1855–1930), French opera singer Nigel Le Vaillant (born 1958), British actor Pierre Henri Vaillant (1878–1939), French painter Raymond Vaillant (1935–2006), French composer
Fictional characters: Michel Vaillant, a comic book character