Tarleton or Tarlton is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Banastre Tarleton (1754–1833), British soldier and politician, namesake of the Tarleton helmet Cullie Tarleton, American businessman and politician Donald K. Tarlton (born 1943), Canadian businessman Francis Alexander Tarleton (1841–1920), Irish mathematical physicist Gael Tarleton (born 1959), American politician John Tarleton (American settler) (ca. 1808–1895), American rancher John Tarleton (Royal Navy officer) (1811–1880), British naval officer Ken Tarleton (1900–1984), Australian rugby union player Nel Tarleton (1906–1956), English boxer Richard Tarlton (died 1588), English actor
See also Tarleton, village in Lancashire, England Tarlton (disambiguation)