Straume is a surname meaning "stream”, "flow” or "tidal current” in a variety of European languages. Notable people with the surname include:
Eilif Straume, Norwegian writer and critic Gisle Straume, Norwegian actor and theatre director Jānis Straume, Latvian politician Krists Straume, Latvian sprint canoeist Unni Straume, Norwegian film director and screenwriter Vilnis Straume, Latvian footballer
Fictional characters: Miles Straume, fictional character played by Ken Leung on the ABC television series Lost