Auster is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Daniel Auster (1893–1963), mayor of Jerusalem in the final years of the British Mandate of Palestine Ellen Auster (born ?), Canadian professor of strategic management Lawrence Auster (1949–2013), American traditionalist conservative blogger and essayist Lydia Auster (1912–1993), Estonian composer Paul Auster (1947–2024), American writer and film director Sophie Auster (born 1987), American actress and singer