Sengoku (written: 仙石, 千石 or 仙谷) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Hiroko Sengoku (仙石), Japanese manga artist Masakata Sengoku (仙石, 1843–1917), Japanese head of the Izushi Domain Noriko Sengoku (千石, 1922–2012), Japanese actress Ren Sengoku (仙石), Japanese footballer Sengoku Hidehisa (仙石), Japanese samurai Yoshito Sengoku (仙谷), Japanese politician