Birnbaum (German: "pear tree") is a German-language family name common among Ashkenazi Jews. Notable people with the surname include:

Adam Birnbaum (born 1979), American jazz pianist, composer, and arranger Alfred Birnbaum (born 1955), American translator Alan Birnbaum, founder of the Temple of the True Inner Light, a psychedelic church Allan Birnbaum (1923–1976), American statistician Amy Birnbaum (born 1975), American voice actress Arved Birnbaum (1962–2021), German actor and director Brigitte Birnbaum (1938–2024), German author (born 1963), German musicologist and cultural manager Daniel Birnbaum (born 1963), curator Dara Birnbaum (1946–2025), American feminist video artist David Birnbaum (born 1956), Canadian politician (born 1931), German biologist (1942–2017), German cardiac surgeon Eduard Birnbaum (1855–1920), German musicologist Effi Birnbaum (born 1954), Israeli professional basketball coach (1892–1947), Austrian pedagogue and psychologist Frank Birnbaum (1922–2005), cantor Fritz Birnbaum (1912 – 2006) Highly decorated German Panzer Officer WWII (1890–1948), German dermatologist and university professor George E. Birnbaum (born 1970), American international political consultant, one of "Arthur's Kid" (1912–1980), German lawyer, Ministerialbeamter and manager Heinrich Birnbaum (1403–1473), monk Henrik Birnbaum (1925–2002), American linguist and Slavist (1920–1943), German worker and resistance fighter against Nazism (1894–1982), German journalist and publicist Jacob Birnbaum (1926–2014), human rights activist Jeffrey Birnbaum (born 1955), American columnist Jeremiah Birnbaum (born 1978), American singer/songwriter (1792–1877), German legal scholar and playwright (1904–1978), German non-fiction - writer and novelist Johann Birnbaum (1763–1832), German jurist Karl Birnbaum (1878–1950), German neurologist (1829–1907), German agronomist (1839–1887), German chemist (born 1955), Austrian - American film director and producer and photographer Linda Birnbaum (born 1946), toxicologist and director of the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences (born 1997), Austrian ice hockey player (1872–1959), German National Liberal politician ( DVP ) (born 1970), German actor and musical actor Menachem Birnbaum (1893–1944), book illustrator and portrait painter (born 1948), Israeli educator Morton Birnbaum (1926–2005), American physician Nathan Birnbaum (1864–1937), Jewish philosopher George Burns (born Nathan Birnbaum, 1896–1996), American singer and actor (born 1977), German actor Norman Birnbaum (1926–2019), American sociologist (born 1986), German actress and entrepreneur Philip Birnbaum (1904–1988), American translator of Jewish prayer book Roger Birnbaum (born 1950), American film producer Solomon Birnbaum, Yiddish linguist and son of Nathan Birnbaum Stephen Birnbaum (1937–1991), American travel writer and editor Steve Birnbaum (born 1991), American Major League Soccer player Uriel Birnbaum (1894–1956), painter, caricaturist, writer and poet (1933–2022), German theater and film director (1893–1987), German theologian and university professor (1897–1925), German physicist (1895–1980), German politician of the SPD Yaakov (Jacob) Birnbaum (1926–2014), human rights activist Zdzisław Birnbaum (1878–1921), Polish violinist and conductor Zygmunt Wilhelm Birnbaum (1903–2000), Polish-American mathematician and statistician

See also Barenboim, Yiddish form Bernbaum Berenbaum Birnbaumins