Canby is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Edward Canby (1817–1873), American general Henry Seidel Canby (1878–1961), critic, editor, and Yale University professor James Canby (1781–1858), businessman and banker based in Wilmington, Delaware Louisa Hawkins Canby (1818–1889), wife of Edward Canby Richard S. Canby (1808–1895), U.S. Representative from Ohio Sheila R. Canby (1949–2025), American art historian and curator Vincent Canby (1924–2000), American film critic William C. Canby Jr. (born 1931), U.S. Court of Appeals senior judge William Marriott Canby (1831–1904), American financier and botanist