Birney is a surname of Scottish origin. Notable people with the surname include:

David B. Birney (1825–1864), American Civil War Union general David Birney (born 1939), American actor Earle Birney (1904–1995), Canadian poet Ewan Birney (born 1972), British biologist Jack Birney (1928–1995), Australian politician James G. Birney (1792–1857), abolitionist; candidate for U.S. President (Liberty Party) in 1840 and 1844 Matt Birney (born 1969), Australian politician

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