Kashima (written: 鹿島) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Hitomi Kashima (born 1980), Japanese swimmer Satoshi Kashima, Japanese civil engineer Seibei Kashima (1866–1924), Japanese photographer Sho Kashima (born 1986), American freestyle skier Takehiro Kashima (born 1980), Japanese gymnast
Fictional characters Miyuki Kashima, one of the eponymous characters in the manga and anime series Miyuki Yukari Kashima, fictional character in Vampire Princess Miyu Yū Kashima, fictional character in Monthly Girls' Nozaki-kun Kashima Reiko, in the urban legend Teke Teke Todd Kashima, a SATO Marine in Call of Duty: Infinite Warfare