Brandenburg is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Alain Erlande-Brandenburg (1937–2020), French art historian and specialist on Gothic and Romanesque art Bryan Brandenburg (born 1959), American writer and video game designer Chet Brandenburg (1897–1974), American actor Daan Brandenburg (born 1987), Dutch chess grandmaster Ed Brandenburg (1893–1968), American actor Erich Brandenburg (1868–1946), German historian Hubertus Brandenburg (1923–2009), German-born Swedish Roman Catholic bishop Jacob Brandenburg (1899–1981), Polish-born Israeli sculptor Jens Brandenburg (born 1986), German politician Jim Brandenburg (basketball) (1935–2023), American college basketball coach Jim Brandenburg (photographer) (1945–2025), American environmentalist and wildlife photographer Johannes Brandenburg (1910–1942), German Luftwaffe pilot John N. Brandenburg (1929–2020), United States Army General Karlheinz Brandenburg (born 1954), German audio engineer and inventor Mario Brandenburg (born 1983), German politician Mark Brandenburg (baseball) (born 1970), American baseball pitcher Mark Brandenburg (politician) (born 1955), American politician Otto Brandenburg (1934–2007), Danish musician, singer, actor and film score composer Rick Brandenburg (born 1955), American entomologist William H. Brandenburg, United States Army Major General