Rustamov is a masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Rustamova. Notable people with the surname include:
Elman Rustamov (born 1952), Azerbaijani politician Hasan Rustamov (born 1987), Tajikistani football player Said Rustamov (1907–1983), Azerbaijani composer and conductor Samad Rustamov, Uzbekistani sambo practitioner Sardor Rustamov (born 1993), Uzbekistani archer Tursunali Rustamov (born 1990), Kyrgyzstani footballer Zebiniso Rustamova (born 1955), Tajikistani archer