Khalilov (, , ) is a masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Khalilova. It is derived from the Arabic masculine given name Khalil. Notable people with the surname include:
Erkin Khalilov (born 1955), Uzbekistani politician Farhad Khalilov (born 1946), Azerbaijani painter Imamaddin Khalilov (born 1998), Azerbaijani para taekwondo practitioner Mikhaylo Khalilov (born 1975), Ukrainian cyclist Ominakhon Khalilova (born 1998), Uzbek artistic gymnast Rappani Khalilov (1969–2007), Russian rebel Rauf Khalilov (born 1981), Azerbaijani film director Salahaddin Khalilov (born 1952), Azerbaijani philosopher Valery Khalilov (1952–2016), Russian musical composer and military band conductor Zahid Khalilov (1911–1974), Azerbaijani mathematician