Gwaltney is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Francis Irby Gwaltney (1921–1981) American author John Langston Gwaltney (1928–1998), African-American writer and anthropologist Sheila Gwaltney (born 1954), American diplomat Tommy Gwaltney (1921–2003), American jazz musician
See also Gwaltney Foods, a brand of Smithfield Foods